Methods and Apparatus for Constructing Airships

ABSTRACT

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for constructing an airship quickly and cost-effectively are described. In one embodiments, an airship structure may have a plurality of mainframes, each comprising interconnected pyramid structures. One of the pyramid structures may include an apex joint, four base joints, first connectors, and second connectors. The apex joint and base joints may each have slots configured for receiving connectors. The apex joint may have four apex-to-base slots and each base joint may have a base-to-apex slot and two base-to-base slots. Each of the first connectors may connect the apex joint to one of the four base joints using one of the apex-to-base slots of the apex joint and the base-to-apex slot of that base joint. Each of the second connectors may connect two of the four base joints using one of the base-to-base slots of each of the two base joints connected by that second connector.

PRIORITY

This application claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/573,038, filed 16 Oct. 2017, whichis incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure generally relates to airships or lighter-than-airaircrafts, and more particularly to apparatuses, methods, and systemsfor constructing the same.

BACKGROUND

Airships are light-than-air aircrafts that obtain the necessary lift forflight based on buoyancy generated by gas that is less dense than thesurrounding air. Typically, an airship comprises a structure attached toan envelop that holds lifting gas, such as helium or hydrogen. Certainairships, such as rigid or semi-rigid airships, may have structuralframework to help maintain the shape of the envelop.

SUMMARY OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments disclosed herein pertain to systems, apparatuses, andmethods for providing fast and cost-effective ways to constructairships. In particular embodiments, the frame structure of an airshipmay be built using preconfigured joints designed to facilitate andsimplify construction. In particular embodiments, the joints may bemanufactured using 3D printing or other additive manufacturingprocesses. For example, 3D printing may be used to create molds for thejoints. The molds may then press against sheets of carbon-fiber twills,which once hardened may be used to create joints for the airshipstructure.

Further embodiments described herein enable an airship to be built onthe ground, thereby enhancing construction safety, speed, and cost. Inparticular embodiments, detachable wheels may be attached to the outersurface of a mainframe, which may be circular, as it is being built. Thepartially assembled mainframe may then be placed on a semi-circular jig,with the attached wheels abutting the jig. Such configuration thusallows the mainframe to be rotated as it is being assembled by workerson the ground without subjecting the workers to unnecessary risks.

The embodiments disclosed herein are only examples, and the scope ofthis disclosure is not limited to them. Particular embodiments mayinclude all, some, or none of the components, elements, features,functions, operations, or steps of the embodiments disclosed above. Thedependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen forformal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from adeliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multipledependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claimsand the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless ofthe dependencies chosen in the attached claims. The subject-matter whichcan be claimed comprises not only the combinations of features as setout in the attached claims but also any other combination of features inthe claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims can be combinedwith any other feature or combination of other features in the claims.Furthermore, any of the embodiments and features described or depictedherein can be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination withany embodiment or feature described or depicted herein or with any ofthe features of the attached claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a structure of a rigid airship.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example of a mainframe of a rigid airship.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example of a hull segment of a rigid airship.

FIG. 3A illustrates an example of a portion of a mainframe of a rigidairship.

FIG. 3B illustrates an example of a portion of a gangway of a rigidairship.

FIG. 3C illustrates an example of a portion of a geodesic structure of arigid airship.

FIG. 3D illustrates an example of a portion of a hull segment where amainframe intersects a gangway.

FIGS. 4A-C illustrate an example of a mainframe's pyramid structure.

FIGS. 5A-B illustrate an example of an apex joint used for constructinga mainframe's pyramid structure.

FIGS. 6A-C illustrate an example of an isometric configuration of moldsand components of a mainframe's apex joint manufactured using the molds.

FIGS. 7A-F illustrate examples of molds used for manufacturing amainframe's apex joint.

FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate examples of isometric configurations of moldsused for manufacturing of a mainframe's apex joint.

FIGS. 9A-E illustrate an example of a base joint used for constructing amainframe's pyramid structure.

FIGS. 10A-D illustrate an example of an isometric configuration of moldsand components of a mainframe's base joint manufactured using the molds.

FIGS. 11A-F illustrate examples of molds used for manufacturing amainframe's base joint.

FIGS. 12A-D illustrate examples of isometric configurations of moldsused for manufacturing a mainframe's base joint.

FIGS. 13A-B illustrate an example of an apex joint used for constructinga gangway's pyramid structure.

FIGS. 14A-F illustrate examples of molds used for manufacturing agangway's apex joint.

FIGS. 15A-15G illustrate an example of a base joint of a gangway'spyramid structure.

FIGS. 16A-16B illustrate an example of molds used for manufacturing abase-and-geodesic piece of a base joint of a gangway's pyramidstructure.

FIGS. 17A-17B illustrate an example of molds used for manufacturing anapex-and-geodesic piece of a base joint of a gangway's pyramidstructure.

FIGS. 18A-18B illustrate an example of a 4-way geodesic joint.

FIGS. 19A-19B illustrate an example of a 6-way geodesic joint.

FIGS. 20A-20B illustrate an example of an extension joint for an apexjoint of a mainframe's pyramid structure.

FIG. 21 illustrates an exploded view of an example of an extension jointfor an apex joint of a mainframe's pyramid structure.

FIGS. 22A-22B illustrate an example of molds used for manufacturing atop piece of an extension joint for an apex joint of a mainframe'spyramid structure.

FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a male mold used for manufacturing atop piece of an extension joint for an apex joint of a mainframe'spyramid structure.

FIGS. 24A-24C illustrate an example of amainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension joint attached to amainframe's base joint.

FIG. 25 illustrates an exploded view of an example of amainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 26A-26B illustrate an example of an apex piece of amainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 27A-27B illustrate an example of molds used for manufacturing anapex piece of a mainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 28A-28B illustrate an example of a center piece of amainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 29A-29B illustrate an example of molds used for manufacturing acenter piece of a mainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 30A-30B illustrate an example of a base piece of amainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 31A-31B illustrate an example of molds used for manufacturing abase piece of a mainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension joint.

FIG. 32 illustrates an exploded view of an example of amainframe-to-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 33A-33B illustrate an example of a top piece of amainframe-to-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 34A-34B illustrate an example of molds used for manufacturing atop piece of a mainframe-to-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 35A-35B illustrate an example of a bottom piece of amainframe-to-geodesic extension joint.

FIGS. 36A-36B illustrate an example of molds used for manufacturing abottom piece of a mainframe-to-geodesic extension joint.

FIG. 37A illustrates an example structure of a rigid airship.

FIG. 37B illustrates an embodiment of a mainframe.

FIG. 38 illustrates an example perspective view of a portion of amainframe.

FIG. 39A illustrates an example top view of a portion of an alternativegeodesic structure.

FIG. 39B illustrates an alternative embodiment of a portion of the hullstructure where a mainframe intersects a gangway.

FIGS. 40A-40B illustrate different perspectives of an alternativeembodiment of an apex joint used for constructing a mainframe's pyramidstructure.

FIGS. 41A-41B illustrate different perspectives of an alternativeembodiment of a mainframe-to-geodesic base joint used for constructing amainframe's pyramid structure.

FIG. 42 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an apex joint used forconstructing a gangway's pyramid structure.

FIGS. 43A-43B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of agangway-to-geodesic base joint of a gangway's pyramid structure.

FIG. 44 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a 6-way geodesic joint.

FIGS. 45A-45B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of agangway-to-mainframe base joint.

FIGS. 46A-46B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of amainframe-gangway-base-geodesic joint.

FIGS. 47A-47B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of abase joint of a gangway's pyramid structure.

FIGS. 48A-48B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of amainframe-to-geodesic base joint.

FIGS. 49A-49B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of agangway-to-mainframe apex joint.

FIG. 50 illustrates an embodiment of a mainframe-to-geodesic joint.

FIGS. 51A-51B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of amainframe base joint with nine connector slots.

FIGS. 52A-52B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of amainframe-to-geodesic base joint.

FIGS. 53A-53B illustrate different perspectives of an embodiment of amainframe-to-geodesic base joint with eight connector slots.

FIG. 54 illustrates an embodiment of a mainframe assembled on aRollercoaster jig.

FIGS. 55A-55B illustrate embodiments of a Rollercoaster jig.

FIG. 56 illustrates an embodiment of an adjustable supporting structurefor the Rollercoaster jig.

FIGS. 57A-57B illustrate an embodiment of detachable wheels for amainframe to interface with a Rollercoaster jig.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Particular embodiments described herein generally relate to theconstruction and design of components used for building rigid orsemi-rigid airships. FIG. 1 illustrates an example structure 100 of arigid airship. The structure 100 may comprise a hall section 110, a bowsection 120, and a stern section 130 to which the airship's rudder maybe attached. The structure 100 may comprise multiple main transverseframes or mainframes 140. In particular embodiments, each mainframe 140is circular. In particular embodiments, the mainframes 140 may beinterconnected using longitudinal gangways 150. In particularembodiments, wires (e.g., which may be constructed using Vectran fiberor any other suitable material with suitable strength and flexibilitycharacteristics) connecting points on the inner circumference of eachmainframe 140 may physically section the hull 110 into multiplesegments. The segments may be used to hold individual airbags containinglifting gas (e.g., helium).

FIG. 2A illustrates an example mainframe 140. The mainframe 140 maycomprise an outer portion 210 and an inner portion 220. In particularembodiments, the mainframe 140 may be constructed using pyramidstructures 250. Each pyramid structure 250 may have a base and an apex.In particular embodiments, the pyramid structures 250 may be configuredso that their apexes point toward the center of the mainframe 140 andtheir bases face outwards. In such a configuration, the outer portion210 of the mainframe 140 is formed by the connectors that form the basesof pyramid structures 250, and the inner portion 220 of the mainframe140 is formed by the connectors that connect the apexes 270 of thosepyramid structures 250.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example hull segment 280. In particularembodiments, the hull segment 280 may be substantially cylindrical. Eachopening of the cylindrical hull segment 280 may be constructed using amainframe 140. In particular embodiments, gangways 285 may connect themainframes 140. Any number of gangways 285 may be used (e.g., one, two,four, five, eight, etc.). For example, if four gangways 285 are used,they may be evenly spaced along the circumference of a mainframe 140. Inparticular embodiments, each gangway may be constructed using pyramidstructures. The pyramid structures of the gangway 285 may be similar tothose used to construct mainframes 140, but different in that thegangway's 285 pyramid structures may form a substantially straightstructure (e.g., the bases of the gangway's 285 pyramid structures arein the same plane), whereas the pyramid structures of the mainframe 140may form a circular structure. In particular embodiments, the twomainframes 140 of the hull segment 280 may be positioned in parallel andaligned according to their respective pyramid structures. In thisarrangement, each pair of corresponding pyramid structures in the twomainframes 140 may be connected. In the example shown in FIG. 2B, aseries of longitudinal connectors 290 may connect the inner base jointsof each pyramid structure in one mainframe to the corresponding innerbase joints in the other mainframe. In particular embodiments, thelongitudinal connectors 290 and X-pattern structures 295 may formgeodesic structures to create walls for the hull 280.

FIG. 3A illustrates an example perspective view of a portion of amainframe 140. In particular embodiments, each pyramid structure 250used for building the mainframe 140 may have four base joints (e.g.,301, 302, 303, and 304) forming the base of the pyramid (e.g., 250 a)and an apex joint (e.g., 305) forming the apex of that pyramid. Inparticular embodiments, connectors or rods may connect the joints toform a pyramid structure 250. For example, a pyramid's 250 a base may beformed by a connector 311 connecting base joints 301 and 302, aconnector 312 connecting base joints 302 and 303, a connector 313connecting base joins 303 and 304, and a connector 314 connecting basejoints 304 and 301. The pyramid's 250 a sides may be formed byconnectors 315, 316, 317, and 318 connecting the apex joint 305 to thebase joints 301, 302, 303, and 304, respectively. In particularembodiments, the mainframe 140 may be constructed using adjacent pyramidstructures 250. For example, between two adjacent pyramids 250, oneconnector (e.g., 314) may be shared between the bases of the twopyramids 250 a and 250 b. In such a configuration, two adjacent pyramidsmay share one base connector and two corresponding base joints. Forinstance, FIG. 3A shows the base joints 301 and 304 and their connector314 being shared by the two labeled pyramids 250 a and 250 b. Inparticular embodiments, the apex joints (e.g., 305 and 355) of adjoiningpyramids (e.g., 250 a and 250 b, respectively) may be connected by anapex connector 320. In particular embodiments, the structural pattern ofinterconnected pyramid structures 250 described above repeats throughthe entire mainframe 140. In particular embodiments, the joints may beconfigured to create a circular mainframe 140. For instance, the apexjoint 305 may be configured so that its slots for receiving apex-to-apexconnectors 320 and 321 may be angled with respect to each other to forma corner of a polygon that approximates the interior of a circularmainframe 140. Similarly, each of the base joints (e.g., 301-304) may beconfigured so that its two slots for receiving base connectors formingrespective sides of adjacent pyramids may be angled with respect to eachother to form a corner of a polygon that approximates an exterior of acircular mainframe 140. For example, base joint 301 may be configured sothat connectors 311 and 361 form a corner of a 36-sided polygon. Furtherdetails of the joints' configurations are provided below.

In particular embodiments, the connectors (e.g., 311-318, 320, and 321)may be constructed using a composite of carbon-fiber layers sandwichinganother core material, such as honeycomb Nomex® or any other suitablematerial with a high strength-to-weight ratio. For example, a connectormay be cylindrical with a hollow cylindrical center (in other words, itmay be a tube). The outer and inner surfaces of the hollow cylindricalconnector may be made of carbon-fiber layers, which may use sandwichcore materials such as honeycomb Nomex®. In particular embodiments, thecarbon-fiber layers may be prepreg carbon-fiber layers, approximately0.5 mm to 0.75 mm thick, and the composite carbon-fiber connector may beapproximately 30 mm to 400 mm in diameter. In particular embodiments, acomposite connector may be manufactured by infusing the carbon-fiberlayers with epoxy resin and sandwiching the layers around honeycombNomex®. The sandwiched material may then wrap around a cylindrical molduntil the material hardens to form the connector. The resultingconnector has several desirable properties for airship construction,including, e.g., strength, stiffness, and extremely lightweight.

FIG. 3B illustrates an example perspective view of a portion of agangway 285 assembly. Like the mainframe 140, the gangway 285, inparticular embodiments, may be constructed using interconnected pyramidstructures. One of the illustrated pyramid structures 398 has an apexjoint 375 and a base with base joints 371, 372, 373, and 374. The apexjoint 375 may be connected to the apex joints of the two adjacentpyramid structures via connectors 380 and 381, respectively. The fourbase joints 371-374 may be interconnected via connectors 391-394, asillustrated. The apex joint 375 and base joints 371-374 may beconfigured to form a substantially straight gangway structure 285. Forinstance, the apex joint 375 may be configured so that its slots forreceiving apex-to-apex connectors 380 and 381 may be aligned to form astraight line. Similarly, each of the base joints 371-374 may beconfigured so that its two slots for receiving base connectors formingcorresponding sides of the adjacent pyramids are aligned to form astraight line (e.g., base joint 372 may be configured so that connectors391 and 395 form a straight line).

FIG. 3C illustrates an example top view of a portion of a geodesicstructure 399. As discussed above, mainframes 140 may be connected bylongitudinal connectors 290. In particular embodiments, two base jointsof the mainframes 140 may be connected by a single longitudinalconnector 290 that extends through a series of geodesic joints, such asthe 6-way geodesic joints 330. Alternatively, two base joints may beconnected by a series of longitudinal connectors connected by joints toform a substantially straight line. In particular embodiments, the 6-waygeodesic joint 330 may have six connector slot openings. Two of theslots on opposite sides of the joint 330 may form a channel throughwhich a longitudinal connector 290 may pass. The other four connectorslots of the 6-way geodesic joint 330 may be configured to connect tofour 4-way geodesic joints 335, respectively, to form the geodesicstructure. In particular embodiments, each 4-way geodesic joint 335 mayserve as the intersection of four connectors to form an “X” pattern,which in turn may be configured to connect two neighboring longitudinalconnectors 290. In particular embodiments, the ends of a geodesicstructure 399 may be connected to interfacing joints 339. In particularembodiments, an interfacing joint 339 may be configured to have threeconnector slots as shown in FIG. 3C. In particular embodiments, theinterfacing joint 339 may comprise a mainframe-to-geodesic extension(e.g., FIG. 32) with an interface surface configured to envelop theexterior surface of a base joint (e.g., 301) of a mainframe 140. Inparticular embodiments, adhesives or other attaching means (e.g.,screws) may be used to affix the mainframe-to-geodesic extension to thebase joint 301 of the mainframe 140.

FIG. 3D illustrates an example of a portion of the hull structure shownin FIG. 2B where a mainframe 140 (formed in part by the pyramidstructures 341, 340, and 342) intersects a gangway 285 (formed in partby the pyramid structure 343). Referring back to FIG. 2B, two mainframes140 may be connected by one or more gangways 285. In particularembodiments, both the mainframes 140 and gangways 285 may be constructedusing pyramid structures. Thus, at the intersection between a mainframe140 and a gangway 285, the mainframe's 140 pyramid structure(hereinafter referred to as “intersecting mainframe pyramid structure”)may need additional slots to connect to or support the gangway's 285pyramid structure (hereinafter referred to as “intersecting gangwaypyramid structure”). FIG. 3D, for example, shows that an intersectingmainframe pyramid structure 340 may be adjacent to three pyramidstructures: two mainframe pyramid structures 341 and 342 and oneintersecting gangway pyramid structure 343. In particular embodiments,the apex 349 of the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 340 mayhave additional connector slots for connecting to the apex of theintersecting gangway pyramid structure 343. In particular embodiments,the apex 349 of the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 340 maycomprise an extension slot for an apex joint of a mainframe's pyramidstructure, such as the one shown in FIGS. 20A-20B. Further, the interiorbase joints 359 of the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 340 mayhave additional connector slots to connect to (1) the apex of theintersecting gangway pyramid structure 343, (2) a base joint of theintersecting gangway pyramid structure 343, and (3) a 4-way geodesicjoint 335 of the geodesic structure. In particular embodiments, theinterior base joints 359 of the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure340 may comprise a mainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension (e.g.,FIGS. 24A-24B) with an interface surface configured to envelop theexterior surface of a base joint (e.g., 301) of a mainframe 140. FIG. 3Dfurther shows a base joint 1500 of a gangway's pyramid structure 343.Description of this base joint 1500 is described further with referenceto FIGS. 15A-15G.

FIGS. 4A-C illustrate an example of a mainframe's 140 pyramid structure250. FIG. 4A shows a perspective view, FIG. 4B shows a top view, andFIG. 4C shows a side view. In particular embodiments, the apex joint 305may be configured to connect to six connectors-four connectors (e.g.,315, 316, 317, and 318) for connecting with the base joints (e.g., 301,302, 303, and 304), respectively, and two connectors (e.g., 320 and 321)for connecting with apex joints of adjoining pyramids, respectively. Inparticular embodiments, a base joint (e.g., 301, 302, 303, or 304) maybe shared by two pyramids and configured to connect to five connectors.One of the five connectors (e.g., 314) may be shared by the bases of thetwo adjacent pyramids; two of the remaining connectors (e.g., 311 and319) may form, respectively, the sides of the two adjacent bases thatare perpendicular to the shared connector 314; and the remaining twoconnectors (e.g., 315 and 329) may connect to the apexes of the twoadjacent pyramids, respectively.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate perspective views of an example of an apexjoint 305 used for constructing a pyramid structure of a mainframe. FIG.5A is an assembled view and FIG. 5B is an exploded view of the joint305. In particular embodiments, the apex joint 305, as well as the basejoints (301-304), may be made of carbon-fiber material and arestructural units used for constructing an airship. In particularembodiments, the apex joint 305 may comprise a female half 501 and amale half 502. The apex joint's 305 female 501 and male 502 halves areconfigured to fit together, with the female half 501 substantiallyenveloping the male half 502 when the two halves are assembled, as shownin FIG. 5A.

In particular embodiments, the assembled apex joint 305 may beconfigured to have slots for receiving connectors/rods. From theperspective view shown in FIG. 5A, a slot 511 for receiving an apexconnector (e.g., connector 320 or 321 shown in FIG. 3A) is shown. Theslot 511 may be formed by the separation between the female half 501 andthe male half 502 when they are pieced together. In particularembodiments, the slot 511 may be configured to receive and substantiallyenvelop a tubular object. In particular embodiments, a similar slot 512for receiving another apex connector may be formed on the opposite endof the apex joint 305. The opening or end of that slot, which is notvisible from the perspective shown in FIG. 5A, would be located at 512.In particular embodiments, the slots 511 and 512 may be symmetricalacross an imaginary vertical plane dividing the apex joint 305 in halfthrough the center between slot 511 and slot 512. In particularembodiments, each of the slots 511 and 512 may be substantiallycylindrical. In certain embodiments where a pyramid structure is used toconstruct a straight structure, such as a gangway as described below, anapex joint's cylindrical slots for receiving apex connectors may alignwith each other to form a straight line (in other words, the axes of thecylindrical slots may coincide). On the other hand, in embodiments wherepyramid structures are used for constructing a circular mainframe, suchas the one shown in FIG. 2, the exterior angle (i.e., the angle measuredfrom outside the joint's body and not through the body) between the twocylindrical slots 511 and 512 (or their corresponding axes) may be lessthan 180 degrees. The particular angle depends on the geometry of themainframe. In particular embodiments, a circular mainframe may beapproximated by a regular polygon (e.g., 36-sided polygon). As such, theangle between two connectors created by an apex joint 305 may correspondto the interior angle of a vertex or corner of the polygon. The anglemay depend on the number of vertices/corners that the polygon isdesigned to have. For example, the sum of the interior angles of thepolygon may be determined based on the formula, (n−2)×180 degrees, wheren is the number of vertices/corners of the polygon (the sum of theexterior angles of all the vertices/corners of the polygon is 360degree). Thus, for example, each interior angle of a regular polygon maybe determined based on the formula: ((n−2)×180)/n.

In particular embodiments, the apex joint 305 may also comprise a slot513 for receiving an apex-to-base connector (e.g., connector 315 shownin FIG. 3A). Similar to the apex-connector slot 511, the apex-to-baseslot 513 may be formed by the separation between the female half 501 andthe male half 502 when they are pieced together. In particularembodiments, the apex joint 305 may have four such apex-to-base slots toform a pyramid structure. Two of the counterpart apex-to-base slots 513and 514 are visible in FIG. 5A. While the other two are hidden fromview, they are symmetrical to slots 513 and 514. Since each side of thepyramid structure is a triangle, the angle between each pair ofapex-to-base slots corresponding to a vertex of a triangle side dependson the desired geometric properties of the pyramid. For example, if thesides of the pyramid structure are to be identical equilateraltriangles, then the angle between each pair of apex-to-base slots wouldbe substantially 60 degrees.

In particular embodiments, the female half 501 and the male half 502 maybe bonded together using adhesives or any other suitable bonding agent.In particular embodiments, the two halves may be placed together andinserted with connectors/rods. In particular embodiments, zip-ties orclamps may be used to apply inward force so that the two halves aretightly abutting each other. In particular embodiments, each slot (e.g.,511, 513, etc.) may have one or more holes into which liquid adhesivemay be injected. For example, the slot 513 may have a hole in the femaleportion 501 and another hole in the male portion 502. While the twohalves are placed together with rods/connectors inserted, liquidadhesive may be injected into one of the holes, and air bubbles and/orexcess adhesive may be allowed to exit from the other hole. Thismechanism for bonding pieces of joints and connectors may be applied toany of the joints described herein.

FIG. 5B illustrates an exploded view of the apex joint 305, with thefemale half 501 separated from the male half 502, along with a centerplug 599 that may be placed in the inner cavity of the joint 305 tofacilitate connector placement. In particular embodiments, the femalehalf 501 and the male half 502 are each symmetrical across a verticalplane through the axes of slots 511 and 512. The two halves 501 and 502may also be symmetrical across another vertical plane that isperpendicular to the aforementioned vertical plane. Referring to theinterior surfaces of the female 501 and male 502 halves for forming theinterior of the apex joint 305, the female half 501, in particularembodiments, may generally have a concave surface and the male half 502may, in general, have a convex surface. In particular embodiments, theinterior surface of the apex joint 305 formed by the female half 501 andmale half 502 may have placement guides (or plugs) 599 for facilitatingrod/connector placement.

In particular embodiments, the top portion 551 of the slots 511 and 512for apex connectors may have interior concave surfaces (with respect tothe interior of the apex joint 305) that is semi-cylindrical. The malehalf 502 may have a corresponding top portion 552 that has an interiorconcave surface (with respect to the interior of the apex joint 305).The interior concave surfaces of the top portions 551 and 552 of thefemale 501 and male halves, respectively, form the interior surface ofthe slot 511. In particular embodiments, the female half 501 may haveflap portions 561 that extends from the top portion 551. Similarly, themale half 502 may have a flap portion 562 that extends from the topportion 552. When the two halves are placed together, the interiorsurfaces (with respect to the interior of the apex joint 305) of theflap portions may abut each other, creating a sufficient surface areafor the two pieces to be bonded together. In particular embodiments, theopposite end of the apex joint 305 may be symmetrically configuredacross aforementioned the vertical plane.

With respect to the slots (e.g., 513 shown in FIG. 5A) for apex-to-baseconnectors, in particular embodiments, the female half 502 may haveinterior concave surfaces (e.g., 571) that are semi-cylindrical to formthe top portion of each of the slots. FIG. 5B shows two of the interiorconcave surfaces 571 on one side of the female half 502, with anothertwo hidden from view as they are the other side of the joint 305. Themale half 502 may have corresponding portions with interior concavesurfaces 572. The interior concave surfaces 571 of the female 501 andthe interior concave surfaces 572 of the male 502 form the interiorsurface of the slots 513 and 514 for receiving apex-to-base connectors.In particular embodiments, the female half 501 may have a portion 581that is in between and extends from the interior concave portions 571.Similarly, the male half 502 may have a portion 582 that is in betweenand extends from the interior concave portions 572. When the two halvesare placed together, the interior surfaces of these portions (581 and582) may abut each other, creating sufficient surface area for the twopieces to be bonded together. In particular embodiments, the oppositeside of the apex joint may be symmetrically configured across a planeorthogonal to the aforementioned vertical plane.

FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate an example of an isometric configuration of moldsand the female half 501 and male half 502 of a mainframe's apex joint305. In particular embodiments, the molds themselves may be manufacturedusing 3D printing, which provides fast and cost-effect means formanufacturing. In particular embodiments, the molds may be configured sothat both the female half 501 and the male half 502 may be manufacturedsimultaneously. In particular embodiments, layers of carbon-fiber twillsor other suitable material may be placed between the molds to create thefemale 501 and male 502 halves of the apex joint 305. For example, tenlayers of carbon-fiber material may be placed between the femaleexterior mold 601 and the center mold 603, and another ten layers ofcarbon-fiber material may be placed between the center mold 603 and themale exterior mold 602. In particular embodiments, additional plasticsheets may be placed between the carbon-fiber materials and the molds tomake it easier to remove the final product (e.g., in this case the twohalves of an apex joint) from the mold. By pressing the sandwiched moldstogether and waiting for the pressed materials to cure, the layers ofcarbon-fiber would conform to the contours defined by the molds andmaintain that shape. Thereafter, the excess carbon-fiber material may betrimmed.

FIG. 6A illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the molds and thefemale 501 and male 502 halves created by the molds. In particularembodiment, the mold assembly may include a female exterior mold 601, amale exterior mold 602, and a center mold 603. The female 601 and male602 exterior molds, when placed together, may form the exterior surfaceof the apex joint 305 (or the exterior surfaces of its female half 501and male half 502). The center mold 603 may define the interior contoursof the apex joint 305. In particular embodiments, the center mold 603may be configured to create placements guides on the inside surface ofthe apex joint to facilitate rod/connector placement. As shown in FIG.6A, portions of the center mold 603 may define the apex joint's slotsfor receiving rods/connectors. To improve 3D printing time andstructural integrity of the molds, in particular embodiment, the centerof the molds 601, 602, and 603 may be made hollow during the 3D printingprocess and subsequently filled with, e.g., cement or any other suitablematerial that may solidify or reinforce the structure of the mold. Forexample, after the center mold 603 has been created, cement may bepoured into the hollow region in its tubular portions 605. FIG. 6Billustrates a front view of the molds (601-603) and the female 501 andmale 502 halves. It can be seen from this view that, in particularembodiments, the tubular portion 610 of the center mold 603corresponding to the slots for receiving apex-to-apex connectors may bemade hollow along a longitudinal axis so that, e.g., a steel rod may beinserted and used to provide pressing leverage. FIG. 6C illustrates aperspective view of the molds (601-603) and male 501 and female 502halves. It should be appreciated from this view that the interiorcontour of the top portion 551 of the female half 501 and the topportion 552 of the male half 502 may be defined by the shape of thetubular portion 610 of the center mold 603. Similarly, the interiorcontour of the portions 571 and 572 of the female 501 and male 502halves, respectively, may be defined by the shape of the tubularportions 605 of the center mold 603.

FIGS. 7A-7F illustrate examples of molds used for manufacturing amainframe's apex joint 305. FIG. 7A illustrates a perspective view ofthe female exterior mold 601. In particular embodiments, the femaleexterior mold 601 may be hollow and may provide cavities 719 into whichcement or other filling material may be inserted. In particularembodiments, a portion of the female exterior mold 601 may have aninterior concave surface 710 that defines the exterior contour of thetop portion 551 of the female half 501 of the apex joint 305. FIG. 7Billustrates a bottom view of the female exterior mold 601. From thisview, it can be seen that, in particular embodiments, the interiorconcave surface 710 defining the exterior contour of the top portion 551may be symmetrical across the aforementioned vertical center plane. Inparticular embodiments, the mold 601 may have interior concave surfaces721 that define the exterior contour of the female half 501corresponding to the slots 513 and 514. In particular embodiments, themold 601 may have an angled cutout 722 between the interior concavesurfaces 721. This angled cutout 722 may define the exterior contour ofthe aforementioned portion 581 of the female half 501. When the moldsare pressed together, the angled cutout 722 also applies force against acorresponding angled cutout of the male mold 602 to help form theaforementioned portion 582 of the male half 502. In particularembodiments, the interior concave surfaces 721 and the angled cutout 722may be symmetrically defined across a center vertical planeperpendicular to the aforementioned vertical plane.

FIG. 7C illustrates a top perspective view of the male exterior mold602. In particular embodiments, the mold 602 may have a front portionwith an interior concave surface 730 (it is “interior” relative to theinterior space where the carbon-fiber material is pressed) that definesthe exterior contour of the top portion 552 of the male half 502. Inparticular embodiments, the mold 602 may have interior concave surfaces731 that define the exterior contour of the male half 502 correspondingto the slots 513 and 514. In particular embodiments, the mold 602 mayhave an angled cutout 732 between the interior concave surfaces 731.This angled cutout 732 may define the exterior contour of the portion582 of the male half 502. When the molds are pressed together, theangled cutout 732 also applies force against a corresponding angledcutout 722 of the female mold 601 to help form the aforementionedportion 581 of the female half 501. In particular embodiments, the mold602 may be symmetric across the vertical center plane and across itsorthogonal plane. It should be appreciated that the interior contoursmay be continuous in the embodiment shown. In particular embodiments,the interior angles and surface shape of the molds may be designed tominimize negative draft, thereby allowing the pressed carbon-fibermaterial to be more easily removed from the molds. In particularembodiments, the surface shape may also be configured to help thepressed carbon fiber materials to achieve uniform thickness. FIG. 7Dillustrates a bottom perspective view of the male exterior mold 602. Inparticular embodiments, the male exterior mold 602 may be hollow and mayprovide a cavity 749 into which cement or other filling material may beplaced.

FIGS. 7E and 7F illustrate perspective views of example components ofthe center mold 603. In particular embodiments, the center mold 603 mayhave two components that may be separately manufactured (e.g., via 3Dprinting). FIG. 7E illustrates one of the two components, which will bereferred to as the left component 750, and FIG. 7F illustrates the othercomponent, which will be referred to as the right component 760. Inparticular embodiments, the left 750 and right 760 components may beassembled together to form the center mold 603. In particularembodiments, the left component 750 may have a protruding peg 751located on the surface that is designed to interface with the rightcomponent 760. To receive the protruding peg 751, the right component760 may have a similarly shaped cavity 761 on its surface designed tointerface with the left component 750. In particular embodiments, theprotruding peg 751 and the corresponding cavity 761 may be a geometricshape with angles, such as a square (as shown), a triangle, a star, orany other shape, to facilitate alignment. The left 750 and right 760components may comprise the aforementioned tubular portion 610 of thecenter mold 603. As discussed above, in particular embodiments, thetubular portion 610 may have a hole (shown by the openings at 752 and762) extending along the length of the tubular portion 610 so that a rodmay be inserted for leverage. In particular embodiments, the hole mayextend through the peg 751 and its corresponding cavity 762.

As discussed above, the center mold 603 may have (1) tubular portion 610for forming slots for receiving apex connectors and (2) tubular portion605 for forming slots for receiving apex-to-base connectors. Inparticular embodiments, the tubular portions (e.g., 610 and 605) mayhave “lips.” For instance, the tubular portion 610 may have downwardlips 755 and 765 to curve the flap 562 of the male half 502 (e.g., seeFIG. 5B) downward. As another example, the tubular portion 605 may havelips 756 and 766 for guiding the carbon-fiber material to, e.g.,transition smoothly and/or improving manufacturing consistency. The lipsguide portions of the carbon-fiber material corresponding to the female501 and male 502 halves to lie against each other (e.g., FIG. 5B at 561and 562; 581 and 582). This creates abutting surface areas that may beused to bond the halves 501 and 502 together. The continuous contours ofthe female 501 and male 502 halves of the apex joint 305 resulting frombeing guided by the lips may help reduce negative draft when they arebeing taken out of the molds.

FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate examples of isometric configurations of moldsused for manufacturing of a mainframe's apex joint. FIG. 8A illustratesan exploded view of the female exterior mold 601, center mold 603, andmale exterior mold 602. FIG. 8B illustrates a top perspective view ofthe assembled three molds 601-603. FIG. 8C illustrates a bottomperspective view of the assembled three molds 601-603. As shown, due tothe center mold 603, when the carbon-fiber materials are pressed againsteach other, slots are formed for receiving connectors/rods (as evidentfrom the visible center mold 603 in the assembled views). As shown inFIG. 8C, the aforementioned lips (e.g., 755, 756, 766) guide thecarbon-fiber layers of the female 501 and male 502 halves through acommon, continuous channel 801.

FIGS. 9A-9E illustrate an example of a base joint 301 (which isrepresentative of base joints 302, 303, and 304 in FIG. 3A) used forconstructing a mainframe's pyramid structure. FIG. 9A illustrates anassembled view and FIGS. 9B-9E illustrate exploded views. In particularembodiments, the base joint 301 may be made of carbon fiber or any othersimilar material. In particular embodiments, the base joint 301 maycomprise a female half 901 and a male half 902. The base joint's 301female 901 and male 902 halves are configured to fit together, with thefemale half 901 substantially enveloping the male half 902 when the twohalves are assembled, as shown in FIG. 9A. In particular embodiments,corresponding portions of the female half 901 and male half 902 mayprotrude or curve in opposite directions to form slots. For instance,base joint 301 may have five slots 911, 912, 913, 914 (not entirelyvisible in FIG. 9A), and 915, which may be formed by the separationsbetween the female half 901 and the male half 902 when they are piecedtogether. In particular embodiments, each of the slots 911, 912, 913,914, and 915 may be configured to receive and substantially envelop atubular object, such as a connector. In particular embodiments, each ofthe slots 911, 912, 913, 914, and 915 may be substantially cylindrical.

In particular embodiments, the base joint 301 may have a total of fiveslots—a center slot 911 for receiving a connector shared between thebases of two adjacent pyramids (e.g., connector 314 shown in FIG. 3A); afirst side slot 912 and a first apex slot 913 for one of the pyramids;and a second side slot 914 (partially shown) and a second apex slot 915for the other pyramid. The side slot 912 may be configured to receive aconnector (e.g., 311 in FIG. 3A) connecting the base joint 301 with anadjacent base joint (e.g., 302 in FIG. 3A) of a first pyramid, and theapex slot 913 may be configured to receive a connector (e.g., 315 inFIG. 3A) connecting the base joint 301 with the apex joint (e.g., 305 inFIG. 3A) of that first pyramid. Similarly, the side slot 914 (partiallyshown) may be configured to receive a connector (e.g., 361 in FIG. 3A)connecting the base joint 301 with an adjacent base joint (e.g., 352 inFIG. 3A) of a second pyramid, and the apex slot 915 may be configured toreceive a connector (e.g., 365 in FIG. 3A) connecting the base joint 301with the apex joint (e.g., 355 in FIG. 3A) of that second pyramid. Inparticular embodiments, the base joint 301 may be symmetrical across animaginary plane dividing the base joint 301 in half through the axis ofthe slot 911.

In certain embodiments where a pyramid structure is used to construct astraight structure, such as a gangway as described below, a base joint'scylindrical side slots (similar to slots 912 and 914) may align witheach other to form a straight line (in other words, the axes of thecylindrical slots may coincide). On the other hand, in embodiments wherepyramid structures are used for constructing a circular mainframe (e.g.,interconnected pyramid structures forming a loop), such as the one shownin FIG. 2, the interior angle (i.e., the angle measured through thejoint's body) between the two cylindrical side slots (or theircorresponding axes) may be less than 180 degrees. In particularembodiments, a circular mainframe may be approximated by a regularpolygon (e.g., 36-sided polygon). As such, the angle between twoconnectors created by a base joint 301 may correspond to the interiorangle of a vertex or corner of the polygon. The angle may depend on thenumber of vertices/corners that the polygon is designed to have. Forexample, the sum of the interior angles of the polygon may be determinedbased on the formula, (n−2)×180 degrees, where n is the number ofvertices/corners of the polygon (the sum of the exterior angles of allthe vertices/corners of the polygon is 360 degree). Thus, for example,each interior angle of a regular polygon may be determined based on theformula: ((n−2)×180)/n.

As discussed above, the base joint 301 may comprise a center slot 911and two side slots 912 and 914. In particular embodiments, the centerslot 911 may be substantially perpendicular to each of the side slots912 and 914. Also, as discussed above, the base joint 301 may form thecorner joints of two adjacent pyramid structures, as shown in, e.g.,FIG. 3A. As such, center slot 911, side slot 912, and apex slot 913 maydefine and support the corner structure of one pyramid, and center slot911, side slot 914, and apex slot 915 may define and support the cornerstructure of the other pyramid. With respect to each one of thepyramids, such as the pyramid formed using slots 911, 912, and 913, theangle between the apex slot 913 and the center slot 911 and the anglebetween the apex slot 913 and the side slot 912 depend on the desiredgeometric properties of the pyramid. For example, if each side of thepyramid structure is an equilateral triangle (the base of the pyramid isnot being referred to as a side), then the angle between the apex slot913 and center slot 911 slots and the angle between the apex slot 913and the side slot 912 would both be substantially 60 degrees. Inparticular embodiments, the corresponding structures for the other halfof the base joint 301 may have the same configuration.

In particular embodiments, the female half 901 and the male half 902 maybe bonded together using adhesives. In particular embodiments, the twohalves may be placed together and inserted with connectors/rods. Inparticular embodiments, zip-ties or clamps may be used to apply inwardforce so that the two halves are tightly abutting each other. Inparticular embodiments, each slot (e.g., 911-915) may have one or moreholes into which liquid adhesive may be injected. For example, the slot913 may have a hole in the female portion 901 and another hole in themale portion 902. While the two halves are placed together withrods/connectors inserted, liquid adhesive may be injected into one ofthe holes, and air bubbles and/or excess adhesive may be allowed to exitfrom the other hole.

FIGS. 9B, 9C, 9D, and 9E illustrate exploded views of the base joint301, with the female half 901 separated from the male half 902, fromdifferent angles. In particular embodiments, the female half 901 and themale half 902 are each symmetrical across a center plane extending fromthe axis of slot 911, as discussed with reference to FIG. 9A. Referringto their surfaces for forming the interior of the base joint 301, thefemale half 901, in particular embodiments, may generally have a concavesurface and the male half 902 may, in general, have a convex surface. Inparticular embodiments, the interior surface of the base joint 301formed by the female half 901 and male half 902 may have placementguides (or plugs) for facilitating rod/connector placement. Inparticular embodiments, a plug

In particular embodiments, the top portion 951 of the female half 901may have an interior concave surface (with respect to the interior ofthe base joint 301) that is semi-cylindrical to form the top portion ofeach of the side slots 912 and 914. The male half 902 may have topportions 952 that has an interior concave surface (with respect to theinterior of the base joint 301). The interior concave surfaces of thetop portions 951 and 952 of the female 901 and male 902 halves form theinterior surface of the slots 912 and 914. In particular embodiments,the female half 901 may have flap portions 961 that extends from the topportion 951. Similarly, the male half 902 may have flap portions 962that extends from the top portions 952. When the two halves are placedtogether, the interior surfaces (with respect to the interior of thebase joint 301) of the flap portions may abut each other, creating asufficient surface area for the two pieces to be bonded together.

With respect to the base-to-apex slots (e.g., 913 and 915 in FIG. 9A) ofthe base joint 301, the female half 902, in particular embodiments, mayhave interior concave surfaces 971 (with respect to the interior of thebase joint 301) that are semi-cylindrical to form the top portion ofeach of the slots. The male half 902 may have corresponding portionswith interior concave surfaces (with respect to the interior of the basejoint 301) 972. The interior concave surfaces 971 of the female 901 andthe interior concave surfaces 972 of the male 902 form the interiorsurface of the slots 913 and 915 for receiving, respectively, connectorsto apex joints 305 of adjoining pyramid structures. In particularembodiments, the female half 901 may have a portion 981 that is inbetween and extends from the interior concave portions 971. Similarly,the male half 902 may have a portion 982 that is in between and extendsfrom the interior concave portions 972. When the two halves are placedtogether, the interior surfaces of these portions (981 and 982) may abuteach other, creating a sufficient surface area for the two pieces to bebonded together.

FIG. 9D illustrates the back side of the base joint 301 shown in FIG.9B, with the female half 901 separated from the male half 902. Inparticular embodiments, the female half 901 and the male half 902 areeach symmetrical across the center plane extending from the axes of theslot 911 (see FIG. 9A). With respect to the slot 911 of the base joint301, the female half 902, in particular embodiments, may have a portionwith an interior concave surface 991 (with respect to the interior ofthe base joint 301) that is semi-cylindrical to form the top portion ofthe center slot 911. The male half 902 may have a corresponding portionwith an interior concave surface 992 (with respect to the interior ofthe base joint 301). The interior concave surface 991 of the female 901and the interior concave surface 992 of the male 902 form the interiorsurface of the center slot 911. In particular embodiments, the femalehalf 901 may have flap portions 993 that extend from the interiorconcave surface 991 portion of the center slot 911. Similarly, the malehalf 902 may have flap portions 994 that extend from the interiorconcave surface 992 of the center slot 911. When the two halves areplaced together, the interior surfaces (with respect to the interior ofthe base joint 301) of the flap portions may abut each other, creatingsufficient surface area for the two pieces to be bonded together.

FIG. 9E illustrates the underside of the base joint 301, female half 901separated from the male half 902. In addition, FIG. 9E illustrates aplug 999 that may be placed between the female 901 and male 902 halves.Once assembled, the plug 999 may be used to guide and maintain placementof connectors.

10A-10D illustrate an example of an isometric configuration of molds andthe female half 901 and male half 902 of a mainframe's base joint 301.In particular embodiments, the molds themselves may be manufacturedusing 3D printing, which provides a fast and cost-effect means formanufacturing. In particular embodiments, the molds may be configured sothat both the female half 901 and the male half 902 may be manufacturedsimultaneously. In particular embodiments, layers of carbon-fiber twillsor other suitable material may be placed between the molds to create thefemale 901 and male 902 halves of the base joint 301. For example, ten(or any other suitable number) layers of carbon-fiber material may beplaced between the female exterior mold 1001 and the center mold 1003,and another ten layers of carbon-fiber material may be placed betweenthe center mold 1003 and the male exterior mold 1002. In particularembodiments, additional plastic sheets may be placed between thecarbon-fiber materials and the molds to make it easier to remove thefinal product (e.g., in this case, the two halves of a base joint) fromthe mold. By pressing the sandwiched molds together and waiting for thepressed materials to cure, the layers of carbon-fiber would conform tothe contours defined by the molds and maintain that shape. Thereafter,the excess carbon-fiber material may be trimmed.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate different side views of an embodiment ofthe molds and the female 901 and male 902 halves created by the molds.In particular embodiments, the mold assembly may include a femaleexterior mold 1001, a male exterior mold 1002, and a center mold 1003.The female 1001 and male 1002 exterior molds, when placed together, maydefine the exterior surface of the base joint 301 (or the exteriorsurfaces of its female half 901 and male half 902). The center mold 1003may define the interior contours of the base joint 301. Similar to thecenter mold of apex joint 305, the center mold 1003 occupies theinterior region of the base joint 301 so that, when the carbon-fibertwills are pressed against each other by the female 1001 and male 1002molds, the twills will not collapse onto each other. With the structuralsupport of the center mold 1003, the carbon-fiber twills would maintainthe desired shape defined by the molds until they harden. In particularembodiments, the center mold 1003 may be configured to create placementsguides on the inside surface of the base joint to facilitaterod/connector placement. As shown in FIG. 10A, portions of the centermold 1003 may define slots for receiving rods/connectors. To improve 3Dprinting time and structural integrity of the molds, the center of themolds 1001, 1002, and 1003, in particular embodiments, may be madehollow during the 3D printing process and subsequently filled with,e.g., cement or any other suitable material that may solidify orreinforce the structure of the mold. For example, after the center mold1003 has been created, cement may be poured into the hollow region inits tubular portions 1005. FIG. 10C illustrates a substantially frontalview of the molds (1001-1003) and the female 901 and male 902 halves. Itcan be seen from this view that, in particular embodiments, the tubularportion 1010 of the center mold 1003 corresponding to the side slots forreceiving connectors may be made hollow along a longitudinal axis sothat, e.g., a steel rod may be inserted and used to provide pressingleverage. FIG. 10D illustrates a perspective view of the molds(1001-1003) and male 901 and female 902 halves. It should be appreciatedfrom this view that the interior contour of the top portion 951 of thefemale half 901 and the top portion 952 of the male half 902 may bedefined by the shape of the tubular portion 1010 of the center mold1003. Similarly, the interior contour of the portions 971 and 972 of thefemale 901 and male 902 halves, respectively, may be defined by theshape of the tubular portion 1005. Likewise, the interior contour of theportions 991 and 992 (more clearly shown in FIG. 9E) of the female 902and male halves 902, respectively, may be defined by the shape of thetubular portion 1006.

FIGS. 11A-11F illustrate examples of the molds used for manufacturing amainframe's base joint 301. FIG. 11A illustrates a perspective view ofthe female exterior mold 1001. In particular embodiments, the femaleexterior mold 1001 may be hollow and may provide a cavity 1119 intowhich cement or other filling material may be placed. In particularembodiments, a portion of the female exterior mold 1001 may have aninterior concave surface 1110 that defines the exterior contour of thetop portion 951 of the female half 901 of the base joint 301. FIG. 11Billustrates a bottom view of the female exterior mold 1001. From thisview, it can be seen that, in particular embodiments, the interiorconcave surface 1110 defining the exterior contour of the top portion951 may be symmetrically defined across an imaginary vertical planeslicing through the middle of the figure. In particular embodiments, themold 1001 may have interior concave surfaces 1121 that define theexterior contour of the female half 901 corresponding to the apex slots913 and 915. The mold 1001 may also have interior concave surface 1123that define the exterior contour of the female half 901 corresponding tothe center slot 911. In particular embodiments, the mold 1001 may havean angled cutout 1122 between the interior concave surfaces 1121. Thisangled cutout 1122 may define the exterior contour of the aforementionedportion 981 of the female half 901.

FIG. 11C illustrates a top perspective view of the male exterior mold1002. In particular embodiments, the mold 1002 may have a front portionwith an interior concave surface 1130 (it is “interior” relative to theinterior space where carbon-fiber material is pressed) that defines theexterior contour of the top portion 952 of the male half 902. Inparticular embodiments, the mold 1002 may have interior concave surfaces1131 that define the exterior contour of the male half 902 correspondingto the base-to-apex slots 913 and 915 (see FIG. 9A). In particularembodiments, the mold 1002 may have an angled cutout 1132 between theinterior concave surfaces 1131. This angled cutout 1132 may define theexterior contour of the portion 982 of the male half 902 (see FIG. 9B).FIG. 11D illustrates a bottom perspective view of the male exterior mold1102. In particular embodiments, the male exterior mold 1002 may behollow and may provide a cavity 1149 into which cement or other fillingmaterial may be placed. In particular embodiments, the mold 1002 mayhave an interior concave surface 1141 on the opposite side of the angledcutout portion 1132, as shown in FIG. 11C. The interior concave surface1141 may define the exterior contour of the male half 902 correspondingto the center slot 911 (see FIG. 9A). In particular embodiments, themold 1002 may be symmetric across an imaginary center plane through themiddle of the surface 1141, dividing the mold 1002 in symmetric halves.It should be appreciated that the interior contours may be continuous inthe embodiment shown. In particular embodiments, the interior angles andsurface shape of the molds may be designed to minimize negative draft,thereby allowing the pressed carbon-fiber material to be more easilyremoved from the molds. In particular embodiments, the surface shape mayalso be configured to help the pressed carbon fiber materials have auniform thickness.

FIGS. 11E and 11F illustrate perspective views of example components ofthe center mold 1003. In particular embodiments, the center mold 1003may have two components that may be separately manufactured (e.g., via3D printing). FIG. 11E illustrates one of the two components, which willbe referred to as the left component 1150, and FIG. 11F illustrates theother component, which will be referred to as the right component 1160.In particular embodiments, the left 1150 and right 1160 components maybe assembled together to form the center mold 1003. In particularembodiments, the left component 1150 may have a protruding peg 1151located on the surface that is designed to interface with the rightcomponent 1160. To receive the protruding peg 1151, the right component1160 may have a similarly shaped cavity 1161 on its surface designed tointerface with the left component 1150. In particular embodiments, theprotruding peg 1151 and the corresponding cavity 1161 may be a geometricshape with angles, such as a square (as shown), a triangle, a star, orany other shape, to facilitate alignment. In particular embodiments, theleft 1150 and right 1160 components of the center mold 1003 comprise theaforementioned tubular portion 1010 of the center mold 1003. Asdiscussed above, in particular embodiments, the tubular portion 1010 mayhave a hole (as shown by the openings 1152 and 1162) extending along thelength of the tubular portion 1010 so that a rod may be inserted forpressing leverage. In particular embodiments, the hole may extendthrough the peg 1151 and its corresponding cavity 1162.

As discussed above, the center mold 1003 may have (1) tubular portions1010 for forming side slots, (2) tubular portions 1005 for forming apexslots, and (3) tubular portion 1006 for forming a center slot. In theembodiment shown in FIGS. 11E and 11F, the left 1150 and right 1160components each has (1) one of the tubular portions 1010 a and 1010 b,(2) one of the tubular portions 1005 a and 1005 b, and (3) one of thehalves (represented by 1006 a and 1006 b) of the tubular portion 1006.In particular embodiments, the tubular portions (e.g., 1010 a, 1010 b,1005 a, 1005 b, 1006 a and 1006 b) may have “lips.” For instance, eachof the tubular portions 1010 a and 1010 b may have downward lips 1155 aand 1155 b, respectively, to curve the flap 962 downwards. As anotherexample, the tubular portions 1005 a and 1005 b may have lips 1166 a and1166 b, respectively, for guiding the carbon-fiber material to, e.g.,transition smoothly and/or improving manufacturing consistency.Similarly, the tubular portions 1006 a and 1006 b may have lips (e.g.,portion 1006 a may have lip 1156; portion 1006 b's lip may be hiddenfrom view) serving a similar functional purpose. The lips guide portionsof the carbon-fiber material corresponding to the female 901 and male902 halves to lay against each other (e.g., 961 and 962 in FIG. 9B; 981and 982 in FIG. 9B; 993 and 994 in FIG. 9E). This creates abuttingsurface areas between the two halves. The continuous contours of thefemale 901 and male 902 halves of the base joint 301 resulting frombeing guided by the lips may help reduce negative draft when the halvesare being removed from their molds.

FIGS. 12A-12D illustrate example isometric configurations of molds usedfor manufacturing of a mainframe's base joint. FIGS. 12A and 12Billustrate exploded views of the female exterior mold 1001, center mold1003, and male exterior mold 1002 from opposite sides. FIGS. 12C and 12Dillustrate perspective views of the molds 1001-1003 once they areassembled together. Referring to FIG. 12C, due to the center mold 1003,when the carbon-fiber materials are pressed against each other, slotsmay be formed for receiving connectors/rods (as evident from the centermold 1003 being visible in the assembled views). The aforementioned lips(e.g., 1155 a, 1155 b, 1166 a, 1166 b, and 1156) guide the carbon-fiberlayers of the female 901 and male 902 halves through a common,continuous channel 1201.

FIGS. 13A-13B illustrate an example of an apex joint 375 used forconstructing a gangway's pyramid structure, such as the one as shown inFIGS. 3B and 3D. The apex joint 375 of the gangway's pyramid structureis similar to the apex joint 305 of the mainframe's pyramid structure.The apex joint 375 has a female half 1301 and a male half 1302. Whenassembled, the female 1301 and male 1302 halves form six slot forconnecting to other joints. Four of the slot openings are apex-to-baseslots (slots 1313 and 1314 are shown; while the other two are hiddenfrom view, they are symmetrical to slots 1313 and 1314). The other twoslot openings, 1311 and 1312, are apex-to-apex slots. While theseapex-to-apex slots are similar to those of a mainframe's apex joint 305,they are different in that their axes are aligned to form a straight,continuous opening through which a single connector (e.g., connector290, as shown in FIG. 2B) may pass. FIG. 13B illustrates an explodedview of the apex joint 375. Features of the separate halves 1301 and1302 are similar to that of the mainframe's apex joint 305 and,therefore, would not be repeated for brevity.

FIGS. 14A-14F illustrate examples of molds for a gangway's apex joint375. Features of the molds are similar to that of the molds for themainframe's apex joint 305 (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 7A-7F). The primarydifference is that the molds for the gangway's apex joint 375 areconfigured to create apex-to-apex slots that are straight with respectto each other, as described above. For example, FIGS. 14A and 14Brespectively illustrate a perspective view and a bottom view of a femaleexterior mold 1401 for the apex joint 375 of a gangway. As shown in FIG.14B, the female exterior mold 1401 for the gangway's apex joint 375 mayhave an interior concave surface 1410 that defines the exterior contourof the top portion of the female half 1301 of the apex joint 375. Theinterior concave surface 1410 is substantially straight across the mold.In contrast, the interior concave surface 710 (see FIG. 7B) of thefemale exterior mold 601 for the mainframe's apex joint 305 have twoseparate segments that are slightly angled with respect to one another.The exterior male mold 1402 for the gangway's apex joint 375, as shownin FIG. 14C (perspective view) and FIG. 14D (bottom view) may also beconfigured to create aligned apex-to-apex slots. For instance, the twoends of the exterior male mold 1402 may have an interior concave surface1430 (it is “interior” relative to the interior space where carbon-fibermaterial is pressed) that defines the exterior contour of the topportion of the male half 1302 of the apex joint. The interior concavesurface 1430 of each end may be level with the other. FIGS. 14E and 14Fshow, respectively, that the center mold 1403 of the gangway's apexjoint 375 may have a left component 1450 and right component 1460.Tubular portions 1410 a and 1410 b of the left 1450 and right 1460components, respectively, may define a straight tubular interior for theapex-to-apex slots. The process for using these molds to create an apexjoint 375 for the gangway is similar to the process for creating an apexjoint 305 for the mainframe. For instance, similar to the configurationand process shown in FIGS. 6A-6C, the female exterior mold 1401, thecenter mold 1403, and the male exterior mold 1402 may be used to presscarbon fiber material between them to form a female half 1301 and a malehalf 1302 of an apex joint 375. The female half 1301 may be formedbetween the female exterior mold 1401 and the center mold 1403, and themale half 1302 may be formed between the center mold 1403 and the maleexterior mold 1402.

FIGS. 15A-15G illustrate an example of a base joint 1500 of a gangway'spyramid structure (e.g., see FIG. 3D, label 343). A gangway's pyramidstructure 343 may be configured to be adjacent to geodesic structures,as shown in FIG. 3D. As such, in the embodiment of a gangway's basejoint 1500, the base joint 1500 contains seven slots to support twoadjoining gangway pyramids the adjoining geodesic structure. Thebase-to-base slots 1501, 1502, and 1503 are configured to supportconnectors that form the bases of the two adjoining gangway pyramids,which will be referred to as gangway pyramid A and B. In particular,slot 1502 is used for forming a side that is shared between the bases ofthe adjoining gangway pyramids A and B, and slots 1501 and 1503 are usedfor forming, respectively, the two adjoining gangway pyramids' sidesthat are on the same side of the gangway. The base-to-apex slots 1506and 1507 are used to connect the base joint 1500 to the apexes of thetwo adjoining gangway pyramids, respectively. For example, slot 1506 maybe used to connect to pyramid A's apex, and slot 1507 may be used toconnect to pyramid B's apex. The base joint 1500 may also havebase-to-geodesic slots 1504 and 1505 for connecting the base joint 1500to the adjoining geodesic structure. The geodesic structure may beconfigured to form multiple “X” patterns (see FIGS. 3C and 3D). Thebase-to-geodesic slots 1504 and 1505 may be configured to receiveconnectors that from different “X” patterns. For example, slot 1504 maybe used to connect to the bottom of the “\” portion of one “X” pattern,and slot 1505 may be used to connect to the bottom of the “I” portion ofanother “X” pattern. The slots 1501-1505 are all substantially on thesame plane. The base-to-apex slots 1506 and 1507 for forming a side of apyramid, on the other hand, are configured to form an angle from thatplane.

In particular embodiments, the base joint 1500 of a gangway's pyramidstructure may be constructed using three pieces: a base-and-geodesicpiece 1510, a base-and-apex piece 1520, and an apex-and-geodesic piece1530. The base slots 1501 and 1503 may be formed using all three pieces.The base slot 1502 may be formed using the base-and-geodesic piece 1510and base-and-apex piece 1520. The base-to-apex slots 1506 and 1507 areformed using the base-and-apex piece 1520 and apex-and-geodesic piece1530. The base-to-geodesic slots 1504 and 1505 are formed using thebase-and-geodesic piece 1510 and apex-and-geodesic piece 1530. Each ofthe three pieces 1510, 1520, 1530 include concave interior surfaces(interior relative to the assembled base joint 1510) that, when placedtogether, form the slots 1501-1507.

FIG. 15B illustrates a top view of the base joint 1500. From this angle,only the base-and-apex piece 1520 and apex-and-geodesic piece 1530 areclearly visible. From this view, one of ordinary skill in the art shouldappreciate that the base-and-apex piece 1520 includes interior concavesurfaces that form the slots 1502, 1506, and 1507. The apex-and-geodesicpiece 1530 includes interior concave surfaces that form the slots 1501and 1503-1507. Non-concave portions of the two pieces 1520 and 1530(e.g., the portions between slots 1503 and 1507, slots 1507 and 1506,and slots 1506 and 1501) may abut to form binding surfaces.

FIG. 15C illustrates a bottom view of the base joint 1500. From thisangle, only the base-and-geodesic piece 1510 is visible. It should beappreciated that the base-and-geodesic piece 1510 may include interiorconcave surfaces that form slots 1501-1505. Non-concave portions of thepiece 1510 (e.g., the portions between slots 1501 and 1502, slots 1502and 1503, slots 1503 and 1504, slots 1504 and 1505, and slots 1505 and1501) may abut corresponding portions of the base-and-apex piece 1520and apex-and-geodesic piece 1530 to form binding surfaces.

FIG. 15D illustrates a side view of the base joint 1500 where thebase-to-base slot 1502 and base-to-apex slots 1506 and 1507 arepositioned. From this view, the hollow interior of the base-to-base slot1502 can be seen. The base-and-apex piece 1520 is configured to abutboth the other pieces. The base-and-apex piece 1520 includes a portionthat is substantially in the same plane as the base-and-geodesic piece1510, and together they form the base-to-base slot 1502. Thebase-and-apex piece 1520 also includes a second portion that is at anangle to the base plane, and this portion is configured to abut aportion of the apex-and-geodesic piece 1530 to form the base-to-apexslots 1506 and 1507.

FIG. 15E illustrates another side view of the base joint 1500 oppositeto the view shown in FIG. 15D. This angle shows the base-to-geodesicslots 1504 and 1505, as well as the back/top view of the base-to-apexslots 1506 and 1507. The apex-and-geodesic piece 1530 includes a portionthat is substantially in the same plane as the base-and-geodesic piece1510, and together they form the base-to-geodesic slots 1504 and 1505.The apex-and-geodesic piece 1530 also includes a second portion that isat an angle to the base plane, and this portion is configured to abutthe aforementioned angled portion of the base-and-apex piece 1520 (notshown in FIG. 15E) to form the base-to-apex slots 1506 and 1507.

FIG. 15F illustrates yet another side view of the base joint 1500 wherethe base-to-base slot 1503 is positioned. The view from the oppositeside where the base-to-base slot 1501 is positioned is not illustrated,as it is symmetrical to the view shown in FIG. 15F. From this angle, itcan be seen that the hollow interior of the base-to-base slot 1503extends through the body of the base joint 1500. Thus, in the embodimentshown, the base-to-base slot 1503 and 1501 are opposite ends of the sameslot. A connector, therefore, may extend through the body of the basejoint 1500 through this slot. In particular embodiments, thebase-to-base slot 1503 (and similarly 1502) may be formed by all threeof the base-and-geodesic piece 1510, base-and-apex piece 1520, andapex-and-geodesic piece 1530. An interior concave portion of thebase-and-geodesic piece 1510 form roughly half of the base-to-base slot1503. The other half may be formed by an interior concave portion of thebase-and-apex piece 1520 and an interior concave portion of theapex-and-geodesic piece 1530. Since in the embodiment shown the anglebetween the slots 1507 and 1502 is relatively small compared to theangle between the slots 1507 and 1504, the interior concave portion ofthe base-and-apex piece 1520 is also relatively smaller than that of theapex-and-geodesic piece 1530.

FIG. 15G illustrates an exploded view of the base joint 1500. Each ofthe pieces (i.e., 1510, 1520, and 1530) comprises interior concavesurfaces for forming the aforementioned slots. In particular, slot 1501is formed by the interior concave surfaces 1501 a, 1501 b, and 1501 c ofthe pieces 1510, 1520, and 1530, respectively. Slot 1503 is formed bythe interior concave surfaces 1503 a, 1503 b, and 1503 c of the pieces1510, 1520, and 1530, respectively. Slot 1502 is formed by the interiorconcave surfaces 1502 a and 1502 b of the pieces 1510 and 1520,respectively. Slot 1504 is formed by the interior concave surfaces 1504a and 1504 b of the pieces 1510 and 1530, respectively. Slot 1505 isformed by the interior concave surfaces 1505 a and 1505 b of the pieces1510 and 1530, respectively. Slot 1506 is formed by the interior concavesurfaces 1506 a and 1506 b of the pieces 1530 and 1520, respectively.Slot 1507 is formed by the interior concave surfaces 1507 a and 1507 bof the pieces 1530 and 1520, respectively. As previously described, foreach piece, the portions between the interior concave surfaces forforming slots may be substantially flat and configured to abutcorresponding portions of other pieces. The surface area of the abuttingsurfaces is made sufficiently large to strengthen the bond between thepieces. Bonding agents such as liquid adhesives and/or conventionalfasteners (e.g., nuts and bolts) may be used in particular embodiments.

FIGS. 16A-16B illustrate an embodiment of molds used for manufacturingthe base-and-geodesic piece 1510. In particular embodiments, the moldassembly may include a male mold 1610 and a female mold 1620. An exampleof the molds is shown in FIG. 16A. The two molds may be used to pressagainst a carbon-fiber twill placed between them to create thebase-and-geodesic piece 1510. The contours of the male mold 1610 mayform the interior surface of the base-and-geodesic piece 1510, and thecontours of the female mold 1620 may form the exterior surface of thebase-and-geodesic piece 1510. For example, FIG. 16B illustrates a sideview of the same assembly shown in FIG. 16A. It should be appreciatedthat protruding contour 1613 a of the male mold 1610 and the concavecontour 1623 a of the female mold 1620, when pressed together, wouldform the contour 1503 a of the base-and-geodesic piece 1510. As anotherexample, protruding contour 1612 a of the male mold 1610 and the concavecontour 1622 a of the female mold 1620, when pressed together, wouldform the contour 1502 a of the base-and-geodesic piece 1510. Similarly,the contour of other portions of the piece 1510 may be defined by thecorresponding portions of the molds 1610 and 1620. For instance, concavecontours 1621 a, 1624 a, and 1625 a of the female mold 1620 may pressagainst corresponding protruding portions (not shown) of the male mold1610 to form the contours 1501 a, 1504 a, and 1505 a of thebase-and-geodesic piece 1510. To improve 3D printing time and structuralintegrity of the molds, in particular embodiments, the molds 1610 and1620 may be made hollow during the 3D printing process and subsequentlyfilled with, e.g., cement or any other suitable material that maysolidify or reinforce the structure of the mold. For example, after themold 1610 has been created, cement may be poured into it through theopening 1611 on top, as shown in FIG. 16A

FIGS. 17A-17B illustrate an embodiment of molds used for manufacturingthe apex-and-geodesic piece 1530. In particular embodiments, the moldassembly may include a female mold 1710 and a male mold 1720. An exampleof the molds is shown in FIGS. 17A-17B. The two molds may be used topress against a carbon fiber twill placed between them to create theapex-and-geodesic piece 1530. The contours of the male mold 1720 mayform the interior surface of the apex-and-geodesic piece 1530, and thecontours of the female mold 1710 may form the exterior surface of theapex-and-geodesic piece 1530. It should be appreciated that protrudingcontours 1725 b and 1724 b of the male mold 1720 and the concavecontours 1715 b and 1714 b of the female mold 1710, when pressedtogether, would form the contours 1505 b and 1504 b of theapex-and-geodesic piece 1530, respectively. Similarly, the contour ofother portions of the piece 1530 may be defined by the correspondingportions of the molds 1710 and 1720. For instance, protruding contours1726 a and 1727 a of the male mold 1720 may press against correspondingconcave contours (not shown) of the female mold 1710 to form thecontours 1506 a and 1507 a of the base-and-geodesic piece 1510. Toimprove 3D printing time and structural integrity of the molds, themolds 1710 and 1720, in particular embodiments, may be made hollowduring the 3D printing process and subsequently filled with, e.g.,cement or any other suitable material that may solidify or reinforce thestructure of the mold. For example, after the mold 1710 has beencreated, cement may be poured into it through the opening 1711 on top.

Similar to the base-and-geodesic piece 1510 and the apex-and-geodesicpiece 1530, the base-and-apex piece 1520 may be manufactured by pressinga male mold and a female mold against a carbon-fiber twill. The femalemold may have concave contours and the male mold may have convexcontours that, when pressed together, define the contours of thebase-and-apex piece 1520.

FIGS. 18A-18B illustrate an example of a 4-way geodesic joint, such asjoint 335 shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, with four connector slot openings.In particular embodiments, the 4-way geodesic joint 335 is used to forma geodesic structure that is substantially level in the same plane. Each4-way geodesic joint 335 may serve as the intersection of fourconnectors to form an “X” pattern, as shown in FIG. 3C. To accommodatethe four connectors, the 4-way geodesic joint 335 may have four slots,1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804, that are symmetrically configured. The slotsmay be formed by interior concave surfaces of a top piece 4010 and abottom piece 4020. FIG. 18B illustrates an exploded view of the 4-waygeodesic joint 335. Each of the top piece 4010 and bottom piece 4020 hasinterior concave surfaces that, when assembled, form the slots1801-1804. In particular, the interior concave surfaces 1801 a, 1802 a,1803 a, and 1804 a of the top piece 4010 and the corresponding interiorconcave surfaces 1801 b, 1802 b, 1803 b, and 1804 b of the bottom piece4020 may form, respectively, the slots 1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804. Inparticular embodiments, in the center of the 4-way geodesic joint 335may be a 4-way plug 1830 that may facilitate and maintain placement ofinserted connectors. In particular embodiments, the 4-way geodesic joint335 may be manufactured by sandwiching a carbon fiber twill betweenmolds, similar to the other processes for manufacturing joints describedherein.

FIGS. 19A-19B illustrate an example of a 6-way geodesic joint, such asjoint 330 shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, with six connector slot openings. Inparticular embodiments, the 6-way geodesic joint 330 is used to form ageodesic structure that is substantially level in the same plane. Asshown in FIG. 3C, the geodesic structure in one embodiment may comprise“X” patterns, formed using the aforementioned 4-way geodesic joints 335.Each “X” structure may be positioned between two longitudinal connectors290. The “X” structures may be connected to the longitudinal connectors290 using the 6-way geodesic joints 330. Each 6-way geodesic joint 330may have six connector slots 1901-1906. In particular embodiments, twoconnector slots 1901 and 1902 on opposite sides of the joint 330 mayform a channel through the joint 330 to allow a longitudinal connector290 to pass through. The other four connector slots 1903-1906 of the6-way geodesic joint 330 may be configured to connect to four “X”patterns, respectively, to form the geodesic structure 295. For example,the lower-right connector of a first “X” structure may be connected toslot 1905 of a 6-way geodesic joint 330; the lower-left connector of asecond “X” structure may be connected to slot 1906 of the joint 330; theupper-left connector of a third “X” structure may be connected to slot1903 of the joint 330; and the upper-right connector of a fourth “X”structure may be connected to slot 1904 of the joint 330. FIG. 19Billustrates an exploded view of the 6-way geodesic joint 330. Each ofthe top piece 1910 and bottom piece 1920 has interior concave surfacesthat, when assembled, form the slots 1901-1906. In particular, theinterior concave surfaces 1901 a, 1902 a, 1903 a, 1904 a, 1905 a, and1906 a of the top piece 1910 and the corresponding interior concavesurfaces 1901 b, 1902 b, 1903 b, 1904 b, 1905 b, and 1906 b of thebottom piece 1920 may form, respectively, the slots 1901, 1902, 1903,1904, 1905, and 1906. In particular embodiments, the 6-way geodesicjoint 330 may be manufactured by sandwiching a carbon fiber twillbetween molds, similar to the other processes for manufacturing jointsdescribed herein.

In particular embodiments, if additional slots are needed to attach aconnector to an apex or base joint as described above, a peripheralcomponent may be attached to the joint to form the needed slots. Inparticular embodiments, the peripheral component may be considered as awrap or glove that fits over the assembled apex or base joint. Thecontours of the peripheral component, together with the exterior surfaceof the apex or base joint, may form additional slots for receivingconnectors. The peripheral component may be affixed to a joint using,e.g., adhesives, screws, or other attachment means. In particularembodiments, peripheral components may be manufactured using molds,similar to the process described above. In the examples described abovefor manufacturing, e.g., a mainframe's joint (apex or base), three moldsmay be used: an exterior female mold, a center mold, and an exteriormale mold. To manufacture an additional peripheral component, a fourthmold may be added to separately sandwich three layers of carbon-fibertwills to form, respectively, a female half of a joint, a male half ofthe joint, and a peripheral component for the joint. In particularembodiments, the fourth mold may be configured to fit on top of thefemale exterior mold, which would become a second center mold. In such aconfiguration, the top portion of the second center mold may beconfigured to define the desired interior contour of the peripheralcomponent, and the fourth mold may be configured to define the desiredexterior contour of the peripheral component. Alternatively, theperipheral component may be manufactured using separate molds.

FIGS. 20A-20B illustrate, from different perspectives, an embodiment ofa peripheral extension slot for an apex joint of a mainframe's pyramidstructure (e.g., 305, as shown in FIG. 5A). In particular embodiments,the extension joint 2000 may be affixed to the apex joint 305 of anintersecting mainframe pyramid structure so that it may be connected tothe apex joint of an adjacent intersecting gangway pyramid structure, asshown in FIG. 3D at label 349. In particular embodiments, the extensionjoint 2000 may have two pieces, referred herein as a top piece 2010 anda bottom piece 2020. The top 2010 and bottom 2020 pieces may beconfigured to envelop a portion of the exterior surface of the femalehalf 501 of the apex joint 305 and further form a slot 2030 forreceiving a connector. In particular embodiments, the slot 2030 may besubstantially perpendicular to the apex-to-apex slots of the apex joint305. One end of the top piece 2010 may have an extended portion 2011configured to form half of the slot 2030 as well as surrounding materialfor interfacing with the bottom piece 2020. The remaining portion of thetop piece 2010 may envelop a portion of the apex joint's 305 exterior.The bottom piece 2020 may similarly have an extended portion 2021configured to form the other half of the slot 2030, as well assurrounding material for interfacing with that of the extended portion2011 of the top piece 2010. The remaining portion of the bottom piece2020 may envelop a portion of the apex joint's 305 exterior. Inparticular embodiments, adhesives may be used to bond the top 2010 andbottom 2020 pieces to the apex joint 305 and with each other. Inparticular embodiments, the top 2010 and bottom 2020 pieces of theextension joint 2000 may be manufactured using 3D-printed molds andpressing them against carbon-fiber material, similar to themanufacturing process described above for the joints.

FIG. 21 illustrates an exploded view of the extension joint 2000 shownin FIGS. 20A-20B without the apex joint 305 of the mainframe's pyramidstructure. The extended portions 2011 and 2021 of the top 2010 andbottom 2020 pieces, respectively, are configured to be placed togetherto form the slot 2030. Aside from the extended portions 2011 and 2021,the rest of the top 2010 and bottom 2020 pieces may be configured toenvelop portions of the apex joint 305 of a mainframe's pyramidstructure. For example, the top piece 2010 may have interior concavesurfaces 2191 and 2192 that match the contour of the exterior surfacesof, e.g., the top portion of the female half 501 of the apex joint 305.As another example, the top piece 2010 may have interior concavesurfaces 2112 and 2113 that match the contour of the exterior surfacesof, e.g., the apex-to-base slots 513 and 514 of the apex joint 305,respectively. Similarly, the bottom piece 2020 may have interior concavesurfaces 2122 and 2123 that match the contour of the exterior surfacesof, e.g., the apex-to-base slots (not shown in FIG. 5A) on the oppositeside of slots 513 and 514.

FIGS. 22A-22B illustrate an embodiment of molds used for manufacturingthe top piece 2010 of the extension joint 2000. In particularembodiments, the mold assembly may include a female mold 2210 and a malemold 2220. An example of the molds is shown in FIG. 22A. The two moldsmay be used to press against a carbon fiber twill placed between them tocreate the top piece 2010 of the extension joint 2000. The contours ofthe male mold 2220 may form the interior surface of the top piece 2010,and the contours of the female mold 2210 may form the exterior surfaceof the top piece 2010. For instance, the convex contours 2291, 2292, and2211 of the male mold 2220 may shape, respectively, the interior concavesurfaces 2191, 2192, and 2011 of the top piece 2010. FIG. 22Billustrates a side view of the same assembly shown in FIG. 22A. Itshould be appreciated that protruding convex contour 2292 of the malemold 2220 and the concave contour 2282 of the female mold 2210, whenpressed together, would form the contour 2192 of the top piece 2010.Similarly, the contour of other portions of the top piece 2010 may bedefined by the corresponding portions of the molds 2210 and 2220. Forexample, protruding convex contour 2295 of the male mold 2220 and theconcave contour 2285 of the female mold 2210, when pressed together,would form the contour 2112 of the top piece 2010. While it is notshown, the female mold 2210 has a concave contour corresponding to theplacement of the protruding convex contour 2211 of the male mold 2220 sothat, when they are pressed together, the contour 2011 of the top piece2010 would be defined. To improve 3D printing time and structuralintegrity of the molds, the molds 2210 and 2220, in particularembodiments, may be made hollow during the 3D printing process andsubsequently filled with, e.g., cement or any other suitable materialthat may solidify or reinforce the structure of the mold. For example,after the molds have been created, cement may be poured into it throughopenings.

FIG. 23 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a male moldused for manufacturing the top piece 2010 of the extension joint 2000.The male mold 2220 may have protruding convex surfaces 2211, 2292, and2295 described above. As shown here, the male mold 2220 may besymmetrical across a center plane through the axis of protruding surface2211.

In particular embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3D, the interior base jointsof an intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 340 may need to be sharedwith base joints of an intersecting gangway pyramid structure 343 aswell as geodesic structures. In order to also function as a base jointof the intersecting gangway pyramid structure 343, the base joints 359of the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 340 may need twoadditional slots. The slots may be used for connecting each base joint359 to the apex joint 375 and one of the other base joints 1500 of theintersecting gangway pyramid structure 343. In particular embodiments,where geodesic structures are connected to the mainframes and gangwaysas shown in FIG. 3D, the base joint 359 of the intersecting mainframepyramid structure 340 may need an additional slot to connect to one endof the X-patterned geodesic structure (in other words, the base joint359 would be connected to the 4-way geodesic joint 335 of theX-pattern). Thus, in one embodiment, the interior base joint 359 of anintersecting mainframe pyramid structure 340 may need three additionalslots to support the intersecting gangway pyramid structure 343 and thegeodesic structure.

FIGS. 24A-24C illustrate an embodiment of amainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension 2400 attached to amainframe's base joint 301, similar to the interior base joint 359 shownin FIG. 3D. The illustrated mainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension2400 includes three pieces, which would be referred to as the base piece2410, center piece 2420, and apex piece 2430. In addition to the slotsprovided by the base joint 301, the extension joint 2400 adds threeadditional slots: slots 2440 and 2460 for connecting to an intersectinggangway pyramid structure 343, and slot 2450 for connecting to ageodesic structure. In particular, slot 2440 may be configured toreceive a connector whose other end is connected to an interior basejoint 1500 (see FIG. 3D) (i.e., not interfacing with the mainframe) ofan adjoining intersecting gangway pyramid structure 343. The connectoris substantially perpendicular to the mainframe and forms a side of thebase of the intersecting gangway pyramid structure 343. Slot 2460 may beconfigured to receive a connector whose other end is connected to theapex 375 of that intersecting gangway pyramid structure 343. Slot 2450may be configured to receive a connector whose other end is connected toa 4-way geodesic joint 335, through which an aforementioned “X” patternmay be formed. In addition, FIG. 24A shows that a plug 2490 may beplaced inside the base joint 301 to guide and maintain the position ofan inserted connector.

In particular embodiments, each of the slots 2440, 2450, and 2460 may beformed by two of the three pieces 2410, 2420, and 2430. For instance,slots 2440 and 2450 may be formed by interior concave surfaces of thebase piece 2410 and the center piece 2420. Slot 2460 may be formed byinterior concave surfaces of the center piece 2420 and the apex piece2430. In particular, the base piece 2410 may have interior concavesurfaces 2413 and 2411 that, when respectively aligned withcorresponding interior concave surfaces 2423 and 2421 of the centerpiece 2420 would form slots 2450 and 2440, respectively. Anotherinterior concave surface 2422 of the center piece 2420 may be alignedwith an interior concave surface 2431 of the apex piece 2430 to form theslot 2460. Each of the pieces 2410, 2420, and 2430 may have portionsthat abut corresponding portions of an adjacent piece. The surface areaof these portions may be used to fasten each pair of abutting piecestogether (e.g., using a bonding agent, nuts and bolts, etc.).

In addition to portions of each of the pieces 2410, 2420, and 2430 forforming the slots 2440, 2450, and 2460 and abutting each other, each ofthe pieces 2410, 2420, and 2430 comprises an additional remainingportion for enveloping a portion of the base joint's 301 exterior. Forexample, the apex piece 2430 may have a portion configured to envelopthe exterior surface of slots 913 and 915 (see FIG. 9A) and thesurrounding surfaces of the base joint 301. The base piece 2410 may havea portion configured to envelop the exterior surface of slot 911 and thesurrounding surfaces of the base joint 301. The center piece 2420 maycomprise an enveloping portion that conforms to the contours of a topportion of the base joint 301 that is unoccupied by the apex piece 2430and base piece 2410. In particular embodiments, adhesives may be used tobond the three pieces 2410, 2420, and 2430 to the base joint 301 andwith each other.

FIG. 25 illustrates an exploded view of themainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension 2400 for a mainframe's basejoint 301 (not shown). As discussed with reference to FIGS. 24A-24C, themainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension 2400 may have three pieces:a base piece 2410, a center piece 2420, and an apex piece 2430. Inparticular embodiments, each of these pieces is a continuous piece madefrom sheets of carbon-fiber twill. The base piece 2410 may compriseinterior concave surfaces 2411 and 2413 for forming slots 2440 and 2450,respectively. In addition, the base piece 2410 may further comprisesurfaces for bonding with the center piece 2420. In particular, surfaces2511, 2512, and 2513 of the base piece 2410 are configured to abutcorresponding surfaces 2521, 2522, and 2523 of the center piece 2420,respectively. The base piece 2410 may further comprise surface 2514 forenveloping a top portion of the base joint 301. The interior concavesurface 2515 may be configured to envelop a portion of the exteriorsurface of slot 911 of the base joint 301. The center piece 2420 maycomprise surfaces such as surface 2424 for enveloping another topportion of the base joint 301. To bond to the apex piece 2430, thecenter piece 2420 may also comprise surfaces such as surface 2526 toabut surface 2536 of the apex piece 2430. The apex surface 2430 maycomprise surfaces 2531, 2532, and 2533 for enveloping exterior surfacesof the base joint 301 around slots 913 and 915. The apex surface 2430may further comprise surfaces 2534 and 2535 for enveloping the exteriorsurfaces of slots 913 and 915, respectively.

FIGS. 26A-26B illustrate a top view and a bottom view, respectively, ofthe apex piece 2430. The top surface shown in FIG. 26A is considered tobe the interior since it would form the interior surface of theassembled mainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension 2400. Referring toboth FIGS. 26A and 26B, the bottom portion of the apex piece 2430 has aninterior surface 2601 a and a corresponding exterior surface 2601 b.Similarly, the apex piece 2430 further comprises: an interior surface2602 a and a corresponding exterior surface 2602 b (corresponding toportion 2431 in FIG. 25); an interior surface 2603 a and a correspondingexterior surface 2603 b (corresponding to portion 2536); an interiorsurface 2604 a and a corresponding exterior surface 2604 b(corresponding to portion 2532); an interior surface 2605 a and acorresponding exterior surface 2605 b (corresponding to portion 2535);an interior surface 2606 a and a corresponding exterior surface 2606 b(corresponding to portion 2531); and an interior surface 2607 a and acorresponding exterior surface 2607 b (corresponding to portion 2534).Once assembled, the top surface 2602 a would abut a connector thatconnects to an intersecting gangway pyramid structure. The top surfaces2605 a and 2607 a would abut and be affixed to the exterior surfaces of915 and 913, respectively.

FIGS. 27A-27B illustrate an embodiment of molds used for manufacturingthe apex piece 2430. In particular embodiments, the mold assembly mayinclude a male mold 2710 and a female mold 2720. An example of the moldsis shown in FIG. 27A. The two molds may be used to press against acarbon fiber twill placed between them to create the apex piece 2430.The contours of the male mold 2710 may form the interior surface of theapex piece 2430, and the contours of the female mold 2720 may form theexterior surface of the apex piece 2430. For example, FIG. 27A showsthat protruding contour 2702 of the male mold 2710 may form the contour2607 a/2607 b of the apex piece 2430. FIG. 27B illustrates a side viewof the same assembly shown in FIG. 27A. It should be appreciated thatprotruding contour 2701 of the male mold 2710 and the concave contour2711 of the female mold 2720, when pressed together, would form thecontour 2602 a/2602 b of the apex piece 2430. Similarly, the contour ofother portions of the piece 2430 may be defined by the correspondingportions of the molds 2710 and 2720. To improve 3D printing time andstructural integrity of the molds, the molds 2710 and 2720, inparticular embodiments, may be made hollow during the 3D printingprocess and subsequently filled with, e.g., cement or any other suitablematerial that may solidify or reinforce the structure of the mold. Forexample, after the molds have been created, cement may be poured into itthrough openings.

FIGS. 28A-28B illustrate a top view and a bottom view, respectively, ofthe center piece 2420. The top surface shown in FIG. 28A is consideredto be the interior since it would form the interior surface of theassembled mainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension 2400. Referring toboth FIGS. 28A and 28B, the center piece 2420 comprises: an interiorsurface 2801 a and a corresponding exterior surface 2801 b(corresponding to portion 2421 in FIG. 25); an interior surface 2802 aand a corresponding exterior surface 2802 b (corresponding to portion2521); an interior surface 2803 a and a corresponding exterior surface2803 b (corresponding to portion 2422); an interior surface 2804 a and acorresponding exterior surface 2804 b (corresponding to portion 2526);an interior surface 2805 a and a corresponding exterior surface 2805 b(corresponding to portion 2524); an interior surface 2806 a and acorresponding exterior surface 2806 b (corresponding to portion 2523);an interior surface 2807 a and a corresponding exterior surface 2807 b(corresponding to portion 2423); and an interior surface 2808 a and acorresponding exterior surface 2808 b (corresponding to portion 2522).Once assembled, the top surface 2803 a would abut a connector whoseother end is connected to the apex 375 of an intersecting gangwaypyramid structure 343, as shown in FIG. 3D. The top surface 2801 a wouldabut a connector whose other end is connected to an interior base joint1500 of the adjoining intersecting gangway pyramid structure 343. Thetop surface 2807 a would abut a connector whose other end is connectedto a 4-way geodesic joint 335, through which an aforementioned “X”pattern may be formed.

FIGS. 29A-29B illustrate an embodiment of molds used for manufacturingthe center piece 2420. In particular embodiments, the mold assembly mayinclude a male mold 2910 and a female mold 2920. An example of the moldsis shown in FIG. 29A. The two molds may be used to press against acarbon fiber twill placed between them to create the center piece 2420.The contours of the male mold 2910 may form the interior surface of thecenter piece 2420, and the contours of the female mold 2920 may form theexterior surface of the center piece 2420. For example, the protrudingconvex portion 2901 of the male mold 2910 shown in FIG. 29A isconfigured to form the interior concave surface 2803 a of the centerpiece 2420. Similarly, the protruding convex portions 2902 and 2903 ofthe male mold 2910 are configured to form the interior surfaces 2801 aand 2807 a, respectively, which are on the opposite sides of exteriorsurfaces 2801 b and 2807 b, respectively. FIG. 29B illustrates a sideview of the same assembly shown in FIG. 29A. It should be appreciatedthat protruding contour 2902 and 2903 of the male mold 2910 would formthe concave contours 2801 b and 2807 b, respectively, of the centerpiece 2420. Similarly, the contour of other portions of the center piece2420 may be defined by the corresponding portions of the molds 2910 and2920. For example, the substantially flat surface 2804 a of the centerpiece 2420 may be formed by the surface 2932 of the female mold 2920 anda corresponding surface (not shown) of the male mold 2910. The back sideof the 2803 a surface would be formed by the concave contour 2931 of thefemale mold 2920. To improve 3D printing time and structural integrityof the molds, the molds 2910 and 2920, in particular embodiments, may bemade hollow during the 3D printing process and subsequently filled with,e.g., cement or any other suitable material that may solidify orreinforce the structure of the mold. For example, after the molds havebeen created, cement may be poured into it through openings.

FIGS. 30A-30B illustrate a top view and a bottom view, respectively, ofa base piece 2410, with some variations. The top surface shown in FIG.30A is considered to be the interior since it would form the interiorsurface of the assembled mainframe-to-gangway-and-geodesic extension2400. Referring to both FIGS. 30A and 30B, the base piece 2410comprises: an interior surface 3001 a and a corresponding exteriorsurface 3001 b (similar to portion 2515 in FIG. 25); an interior surface3002 a and a corresponding exterior surface 3002 b (corresponding toportion 2514); an interior surface 3003 a and a corresponding exteriorsurface 3003 b (corresponding to portion 2513); an interior surface 3004a and a corresponding exterior surface 3004 b (corresponding to portion2413); an interior surface 3005 a and a corresponding exterior surface3005 b (corresponding to portion 2512); an interior surface 3006 a and acorresponding exterior surface 3006 b (corresponding to portion 2411);and an interior surface 3007 a and a corresponding exterior surface 3007b (corresponding to portion 2511). Once assembled, the top surface 3006a would abut a connector whose other end is connected to an interiorbase joint (i.e., not interfacing with the mainframe) of an adjoiningintersecting gangway pyramid structure. The top surface 3004 a may abuta connector whose other end is connected to a 4-way geodesic joint 335,through which an aforementioned “X” pattern may be formed. The topsurfaces 3001 a and 3002 a would abut and be affixed to the exteriorsurfaces of the female half 901 of the base joint 301.

FIGS. 31A-31B illustrate an embodiment of molds used for manufacturingthe base piece 2410. In particular embodiments, the mold assembly mayinclude a male mold 3110 and a female mold 3120. An example of the moldsis shown in FIG. 31A. The two molds may be used to press against acarbon fiber twill placed between them to create the base piece 2410.The contours of the male mold 3110 may form the interior surface of thebase piece 2410, and the contours of the female mold 3120 may form theexterior surface of the base piece 2410. For example, the protrudingconvex portion 3102 of the male mold 3110 shown in FIG. 31A isconfigured to form the interior concave surface 3006 a of the base piece2410, and the concave portion 3104 of the female mold 3120 is configuredto form the exterior surface 3006 b of the base piece 2410. Similarly,the protruding convex portion 3101 of the male mold 3110 and the concaveportion 3103 of the female mold 3120 are configured to form,respectively, the interior surface 3004 a and the corresponding exteriorsurface 3004 b of the base piece 2410. FIG. 31B illustrates aperspective view of the same assembly shown in FIG. 31A. It should beappreciated that the protruding concave surface 3001 a and thecorresponding back surface 3001 b are formed by pressing together theconvex portion 3105 of the male mold 3110 and the concave portion 3106of the female mold 3120. Similarly, the base piece's 2410 concavesurface 3002 a and its corresponding back side is formed by pressingtogether the convex portion 3102 of the male mold 3110 and the concaveportion 3104 of the female mold 3120. The base piece's 2410 concavesurface 3004 a and its corresponding back side is formed by pressingtogether the convex portion 3101 of the male mold 3110 and the concaveportion 3103 of the female mold 3120. Other portions of the base piece2410 are similarly formed. For example, the substantially flat surfaces3003 a, 3005 a, and 3007 a and their corresponding back sides are formedby substantially flat portions of the molds, such as 3143, 3145, and3147 of the female mold 3120. To improve 3D printing time and structuralintegrity of the molds, the molds 3110 and 3120, in particularembodiments, may be made hollow during the 3D printing process andsubsequently filled with, e.g., cement or any other suitable materialthat may solidify or reinforce the structure of the mold. For example,after the molds have been created, cement may be poured into it throughopenings, such as the holes 3151-3154 of the male mold 3110.

FIG. 32 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of amainframe-to-geodesic extension 3200 configured to be attached to amainframe's base joint 301. Particular embodiments of the joint 339shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D may be assembled in this manner using themainframe-to-geodesic extension 3200. In particular embodiments, thebase joint 301 of the mainframe may be one that interfaces with geodesicstructures and not the gangway. The illustrated mainframe-to-geodesicextension 3200 include two pieces, referred to as the top piece 3210 andbottom piece 3220. When assembled, the top 3210 and bottom pieces 3220form three additional extension slots for connecting the base joint 301to geodesic structures. One of the three extension slots, referred to asa longitudinal slot, may be configured to receive a connector whoseother end is connected to a 6-way geodesic joint 330 (see FIG. 3C). Theconnector may be substantially perpendicular to the mainframe and mayform a shared border between two “X” patterns of the geodesic structure.The two “X” patterns may be referred to as top “X” pattern and bottom“X” pattern, respectively, and each of the “X” patterns may have acorresponding 4-way geodesic joint 335 in the center. The remaining twoof the three extension slots of the mainframe-to-geodesic extension 3200may be configured to connect to the top and bottom “X” patterns,respectively. In particular, one of the extension slots may beconfigured to receive a connector whose other end is connected to the4-way geodesic joint 335 of the top “X” pattern, and the other extensionslot may be configured to receive a connector whose other end isconnected to the 4-way geodesic joint 335 of the bottom “X” pattern.

In particular embodiments, each of the extension slots of themainframe-to-geodesic extension 3200 may be formed by the top 3210 andbottom 3220 pieces once they are assembled. For instance, thelongitudinal slot for connecting to a 6-way geodesic joint may be formedby interior concave surfaces 3242 and 3252 of the top 3210 and bottom3220 pieces, respectively. One of the slots for connecting to a 4-waygeodesic joint may be formed by interior concave surfaces 3243 and 3253of the top 3210 and bottom 3220 pieces, respectively. The other slot forconnecting to another 4-way geodesic joint may be formed by interiorconcave surfaces 3241 and 3251 of the top 3210 and bottom 3220 pieces,respectively. In particular embodiments, the top piece 3210 may haveportions—such as the substantially flat surfaces between the interiorconcave surfaces—that abut corresponding portions of the bottom piece3220. The surface area of these portions may be used to bond the top3210 and bottom 3220 pieces together (e.g., using bonding agent, nutsand bolts, etc.).

Aside from the portions for creating the extension slots, the top 3210and bottom 3220 pieces comprise additional portions for enveloping anexterior portion of the base joint 301. For example, the top piece 3210may have interior concave surfaces 3244 and 3245 configured to envelopthe exterior surface of slots 915 and 913 (see FIG. 9A), respectively,of the base joint 301. The bottom piece 3220 may have an interiorconcave surface 3254 configured to envelop the exterior surface of slot911 and the surrounding surfaces of the base joint 301. The bottom piece3220 may further have interior concave surfaces 3255 and 3256 configuredto envelop the exterior surfaces of slots 912 and 914 of the base joint301. In particular embodiments, adhesives may be used to bond the top3210 and bottom 3220 pieces of the mainframe-to-geodesic extension 3200to the base joint 301 and with each other.

FIGS. 33A-33B illustrate a top view and a bottom view, respectively, ofthe top piece 3210. The top surface shown in FIG. 33A is considered tobe the interior since it would form the interior surface of theassembled mainframe-to-geodesic extension 3200. Referring to both FIGS.33A and 33B, the top piece 3210 comprises: an interior surface 3341 aand a corresponding exterior surface 3341 b (corresponding to portion3243 in FIG. 32); an interior surface 3342 a and a correspondingexterior surface 3342 b (corresponding to portion 3242); an interiorsurface 3343 a and a corresponding exterior surface 3343 b(corresponding to portion 3231); an interior surface 3344 a and acorresponding exterior surface 3344 b (corresponding to portion 3245);and an interior surface 3345 a and a corresponding exterior surface 3345b (corresponding to portion 3244). The top piece 3210 further comprisesinterior surfaces 3361 a, 3362 a, 3363 a, 3364 a, and 3365 a andcorresponding exterior surfaces 3361 b, 3362 b, 3363 b, 3364 b, and 3365b, respectively. Once assembled, the interior surfaces 3241, 3242, and3243 would abut connectors connecting to adjacent geodesic structures.For instance, the interior surfaces 3361 a, 3362 a, 3363 a, and 3364 aof the top piece 3210 would abut corresponding interior surfaces of thebottom piece 3220, which will be described with reference to FIGS.35A-35B. The interior surfaces 3344 a, 3345 a, and 3365 a would abut andbe affixed to the exterior surfaces of slot 913, slot 915, and theportion between them, respectively.

FIGS. 34A-34B illustrate an embodiment of molds used for manufacturingthe top piece 3210. In particular embodiments, the mold assembly mayinclude a female mold 3410 and a male mold 3420. An example of the moldsis shown in FIG. 34A. The two molds may be used to press against acarbon-fiber twill placed between them to create the top piece 3210. Thecontours of the male mold 3420 may form the interior surface of the toppiece 3210, and the contours of the female mold 3410 may form theexterior surface of the top piece 3210. For example, the concave contour3411 of the female mold 3410 and the convex contour 3421 of the malemold 3420, when pressed together, may form the concave portion 3241 ofthe top piece 3210. Similarly, the concave contour 3415 of the femalemold 3410 and the convex contour 3425 of the male mold 3420, whenpressed together, may form the concave portion 3245 of the top piece3210. While not illustrated, it should be appreciated that additionalconcave contours of the female mold 3410 corresponding to the convexcontours 3422, 3423, and 3424 of the male mold 3420, when pressedtogether, may form the concave portions 3242, 3243, and 3244 of the toppiece 3210. FIG. 34B illustrates a side view of the same assembly shownin FIG. 34A. It should be appreciated that protruding convex contours3421, 3422, and 3423 of the male mold 3420 and the corresponding concavecontours 3411, 3412, and 3413 of the female mold 3410, when pressedtogether, would form the concave portions 3241, 3242, and 3243 of thetop piece 3210, respectively. Similarly, while not shown, concavecontours of the female mold 3410 and the corresponding convex contours3424 and 3425, when pressed together, may form the concave portions 3244and 3245 of the top piece 3210, respectively. To improve 3D printingtime and structural integrity of the molds, the molds 3410 and 3420, inparticular embodiments, may be made hollow during the 3D printingprocess and subsequently filled with, e.g., cement or any other suitablematerial that may solidify or reinforce the structure of the mold. Forexample, after the molds have been created, cement may be poured into itthrough openings such as 3431, 3432, 3433, and 3434 of the female mold3410.

FIGS. 35A-35B illustrate a top view and a bottom view, respectively, ofthe bottom piece 3220. The top surface shown in FIG. 35A is consideredto be the interior since it would form the interior surface of theassembled mainframe-to-geodesic extension 3200. Referring to both FIGS.35A and 35B, the top piece 3220 comprises: an interior surface 3551 aand a corresponding exterior surface 3551 b (corresponding to portion3251 in FIG. 32); an interior surface 3552 a and a correspondingexterior surface 3552 b (corresponding to portion 3252); an interiorsurface 3553 a and a corresponding exterior surface 3553 b(corresponding to portion 3253); an interior surface 3554 a and acorresponding exterior surface 3554 b (corresponding to portion 3254);an interior surface 3555 a and a corresponding exterior surface 3555 b(corresponding to portion 3255); and an interior surface 3556 a and acorresponding exterior surface 3556 b (corresponding to portion 3256).The bottom piece 3220 further comprises interior surfaces 3571 a, 3572a, 3573 a, and 3574 a and corresponding exterior surfaces 3571 b, 3572b, 3573 b, and 3574 b. Once assembled, the interior surfaces 3551 a,3552 a, and 3553 a would abut connectors connecting to adjacent geodesicstructures. The interior surfaces 3571 a, 3572 a, 3573 a, and 3574 a ofthe bottom piece 3220 would abut corresponding interior surfaces 3364 a,3363 a, 3362 a, and 3361 a of the top piece 3210. The interior surfaces3555 a, 3556 a, and 3554 a would abut and be affixed to the exteriorsurfaces of slot 912, slot 914, and slot 911 of the mainframe's basejoint 301, respectively.

FIGS. 36A-36B illustrate an embodiment of molds used for manufacturingthe bottom piece 3220. In particular embodiments, the mold assembly mayinclude a female mold 3620 and a male mold 3610. An example of the moldsis shown in FIG. 34A. The two molds may be used to press against acarbon fiber twill placed between them to create the bottom piece 3220.The contours of the male mold 3610 may form the interior surface of thebottom piece 3220, and the contours of the female mold 3620 may form theexterior surface of the bottom piece 3220. For example, the concavecontours 3672, 3673, and 3676 of the female mold 3620 and the convexcontours 3652, 3653, and 3656 of the male mold 3610, when pressedtogether, may form the concave portions 3252, 3253, and 3256 of thebottom piece 3220. While not illustrated, it should be appreciated thatadditional concave contours of the female mold 3620 corresponding to theconvex contours 3651, 3655, and 3654 of the male mold 3610, when pressedtogether, may form the concave portions 3251, 3255, and 3254 of thebottom piece 3220. FIG. 36B illustrates a side view of the same assemblyshown in FIG. 36A. It should be appreciated that protruding convexcontours 3651, 3652, and 3653 of the male mold 3610 and thecorresponding concave contours 3671, 3672, and 3673 of the female mold3620, when pressed together, would form the concave portions 3251, 3252,and 3253 of the bottom piece 3220, respectively. To improve 3D printingtime and structural integrity of the molds, the molds 3610 and 3620, inparticular embodiments, may be made hollow during the 3D printingprocess and subsequently filled with, e.g., cement or any other suitablematerial that may solidify or reinforce the structure of the mold. Forexample, after the molds have been created, cement may be poured into itthrough openings such as 3661, 3662, 3663, and 3664 of the female mold3620.

FIG. 37A illustrates an example structure 3700 of a rigid airship, inaccordance with particular embodiments. The structure 3700 may comprisea hall section 3701, a bow section 3702, and a stern section 3703 towhich the airship's rudder may be attached. The structure 3700 maycomprise multiple main transverse frames or mainframes 3740. Inparticular embodiments, each mainframe 3740 is circular. In particularembodiments, the mainframes 3740 may be interconnected usinglongitudinal gangways 3704. In particular embodiments, wires (e.g.,which may be constructed using Vectran fiber or any other suitablematerial with suitable strength and flexibility characteristics)connecting points on the inner circumference of each mainframe 3740 mayphysically section the hull 3701 into multiple segments. The segmentsmay be used to hold individual airbags containing lifting gas (e.g.,helium).

FIG. 37B illustrates an embodiment of the mainframe 3740. The mainframe3740 may comprise an outer portion 3710 and an inner portion 3720. Inparticular embodiments, the mainframe 3740 may be constructed usingpyramid structures 3750. Each pyramid structure 3750 may have a base andan apex. In particular embodiments, the pyramid structures 3750 may beconfigured so that their apexes point toward the center of the mainframe3740 and their bases face outwards. In such a configuration, the outerportion 3710 of the mainframe 3740 is formed by the connectors that formthe bases of pyramid structures 3750, and the inner portion 3720 of themainframe 3740 is formed by the connectors that connect the apexes 3770of those pyramid structures 3750. In particular embodiments, the basesof the pyramid structures 3750 may include diagonal connectors 3780 and3790, which may cross the bases diagonally in an alternating, zig-zagpattern.

FIG. 38 illustrates an example perspective view of a portion of themainframe 3740. In particular embodiments, each pyramid structure (e.g.,3750 a and 3750 b) used for building the mainframe 3740 may have fourbase joints (e.g., 5200, 4100, 4800, and 4600) forming the base of thepyramid (e.g., 3750 a) and an apex joint (e.g., 4005 a) forming the apexof that pyramid. In particular embodiments, connectors or rods mayconnect the joints to form a pyramid structure 3750. For example, apyramid's 3750 a base may be formed by a connector 3811 connecting basejoints 5200 and 4100, a connector 3812 connecting base joints 4100 and4800, a connector 3813 connecting base joints 4800 and 4600, a connector3814 connecting base joints 4600 and 5200, and diagonal connector 3790connecting base joints 4100 and 4600. The pyramid's 3750 a sides may beformed by connectors 3815, 3816, 3817, and 3818 connecting the apexjoint 4005 a to the base joints 5200, 4100, 4800, and 4600,respectively. As another example, a pyramid's 3750 b base may be formedby a connector 3861 connecting base joints 5100 and 5200, a connector3814 connecting base joints 5200 and 4600, a connector 3863 connectingbase joints 4600 and 4500, a connector 3862 connecting base joints 4500and 5100, and diagonal connector 3780 connecting base joints 5100 and4600. The pyramid's 3750 b sides may be formed by connectors 3865, 3866,3867, and 3868 connecting the apex joint 4900 to the base joints 5200,5100, 4500, and 4600, respectively. In particular embodiments, themainframe 3740 may be constructed using adjacent pyramid structures3750. For example, between two adjacent pyramids 3750 a and 3750 b, oneconnector (e.g., 3814) may be shared between the bases of the twopyramids 3750 a and 3750 b. In such a configuration, two adjacentpyramids may share one base connector and two corresponding base joints.For instance, FIG. 38 shows the base joints 5200 and 4600 and theirconnector 3814 being shared by the two labeled pyramids 3750 a and 3750b. In particular embodiments, the apex joints (e.g., 4005 a and 4900) ofadjoining pyramids (e.g., 3750 a and 3750 b, respectively) may beconnected by an apex connector 3820. In particular embodiments, thestructural pattern of interconnected pyramid structures 3750 describedabove repeats through the entire mainframe 3740. In particularembodiments, the joints may be configured to create a circular mainframe3740. For instance, the apex joint 4005 may be configured so that itsslots for receiving apex-to-apex connectors 3820 and 3821 may be angledwith respect to each other to form a corner of a polygon thatapproximates the interior of a circular mainframe 140. Similarly, eachof the base joints (e.g., 5200) may be configured so that its two slotsfor receiving base connectors (e.g., 3811 and 3861) forming respectivesides of adjacent pyramids (e.g., 3750 a and 3750 b) may be angled withrespect to each other to form a corner of a polygon that approximates anexterior of a circular mainframe 3740. For example, base joint 5200 maybe configured so that connectors 3811 and 3861 form a corner of a36-sided polygon. Further details of the joints' configurations areprovided below.

FIG. 39A illustrates an example top view of a portion of an alternativegeodesic structure 3999. As discussed above with reference to FIG. 2B,mainframes 140 may be connected by longitudinal connectors 290.Similarly, mainframes 3740 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 37B) may beconnected by longitudinal connectors 3990 in the geodesic structure 3999shown in FIG. 39A. In particular embodiments, two base joints of themainframes 3740 may be connected by a single longitudinal connector 3990that extends through a series of geodesic joints, such as the 6-waygeodesic joints 4400. In particular embodiments, the 6-way geodesicjoint 4400 may have six connector slot openings. Two of the slots onopposite sides of the joint 4400 may form a channel through which alongitudinal connector 3990 may pass. The other four connector slots ofthe 6-way geodesic joint 4400 may be configured to connect to four other6-way geodesic joints 4400, to form the geodesic structure. Inalternative embodiments, two base joints may be connected by a series oflongitudinal connectors 3990 connected by 6-way geodesic joints 4400 toform a substantially straight line.

FIG. 39B illustrates an embodiment of a portion of the hull structurethat is alternative to what is shown in FIG. 3D. FIG. 39B shows amainframe 3740 (not labeled in FIG. 39B for clarity but formed in partby the pyramid structures 3750 a, 3750 b, and 3750 c) intersecting agangway (not labeled in FIG. 39B for clarity but formed in part by thepyramid structures 3943 and 3944). Referring back to FIG. 2B, twomainframes 3740 may be connected by one or more gangways. In particularembodiments, both the mainframes 3740 and gangways may be constructedusing pyramid structures. Thus, at the intersection between a mainframe3740 and a gangway, the mainframe's 3740 pyramid structure (hereinafterreferred to as “intersecting mainframe pyramid structure”) may needadditional slots to connect to or support the gangway's pyramidstructure (hereinafter referred to as “intersecting gangway pyramidstructure”). FIG. 39B, for example, shows that an intersecting mainframepyramid structure 3750 b may be adjacent to three pyramid structures:two mainframe pyramid structures 3750 a and 3750 c and one intersectinggangway pyramid structure 3943. In particular embodiments, the apex 4900of the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 b may haveadditional connector slots for connecting to the apex of theintersecting gangway pyramid structure 3943. In particular embodiments,in addition to the slots used to connect to adjoining pyramid structuresof the mainframe (e.g., 3750 b and 3750 a), the interior base joint 4600of the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 b may haveadditional connector slots to connect to (1) the apex 4275 of theintersecting gangway pyramid structure 3943, (2) a base joint 4300 ofthe intersecting gangway pyramid structure 3943, (3) a 6-way geodesicjoint 4400 a, and (4) a gangway base 6-way geodesic joint 4400 b thatforms part of the base of the intersecting gangway pyramid structure3943. In particular embodiments, in addition to the slots used toconnect to adjoining pyramid structures of the mainframe (e.g., 3750 band 3750 c), the interior base joint 4500 of the intersecting mainframepyramid structure 3750 b may have additional connector slots to connectto (1) the apex 4275 of the intersecting gangway pyramid structure 3943,and (2) the gangway base 6-way geodesic joint 4400 b that forms part ofthe base of the intersecting gangway pyramid structure 3943. In theembodiment shown in FIG. 39B, each gangway pyramid structure (e.g., 3943and 3944) has a base that is constructed using four corner base joints(e.g., 4300, 4600, 4500, and 4700) and a gangway base 6-way geodesicjoint (e.g., 4400 b) that are connected in the manner shown.

In particular embodiments, all joints described in this application orotherwise represented for use in the construction of an airship may bemade of metal, including steel or titanium. The joints, including jointsconstructed using metal, may be fabricated from multiple lengths of tubejoined together through adhesive, welding, or any other method forjoining tube. As an example, multiple lengths of steel or titanium tubemay be fishmouth cut so that the tubes may be joined together withoutany gaps and without bending the tube. In particular embodiments, jointsmade of metal may be joined to carbon-fiber connectors using adhesive.In particular embodiments, one length of tube on a metal joint may bejoined with several carbon-fiber connectors (in particular embodiments,the connectors may also be made of metal). In particular embodiments,the metal joint may be joined with the carbon-fiber connectors byfitting a tubular metal section of the joint outside of a carbon-fiberconnector and injecting adhesive into the space between the joint andthe connector. In other embodiments the metal joint may be joined withthe carbon fiber connectors by fitting a tubular metal section of thejoint inside of a tubular carbon-fiber connector and injecting adhesiveinto the space between the joint and the connector. In particularembodiments, a collar may be used to assist with injecting adhesive intothe space between a joint and a connector. In particular embodiments,the collar may be 3D printed from resin or any other suitable materialand may consist of an internal stepped structure such that the collarmay fit snugly around both the carbon-fiber connector and the metaljoint, regardless of which is larger, and which may hold both the jointand connector in place as the adhesive is injected and dries, hardens.

FIGS. 40A (perspective side view) and 40B (bottom view) illustratedifferent views of an alternative embodiment of an apex joint 4005,which is functionally similar to apex joint 305 shown in FIG. 5A, usedfor constructing a pyramid structure of a mainframe 3740 (e.g.,mainframe pyramid structures 3750 a and 3750 c as shown in FIG. 39B)other than an intersecting mainframe pyramid structure (e.g., 3750 bshown in FIG. 39B). In particular embodiments, the apex joint 4005, aswell as the base joints to which it connects, may be made of metalmaterial and are structural units used for constructing an airship.

In particular embodiments, the assembled apex joint 4005 (e.g.,corresponding to apex joint 4005 a or 4005 b shown in FIGS. 38 and 39B)may be configured to have slots for receiving connectors/rods. From theperspective view shown in FIGS. 40A-B, a slot 4011 for receiving an apexconnector (e.g., connector 3820 or 3821 shown in FIG. 38) is shown. Inparticular embodiments, the slot 4011 may be configured to receive andsubstantially envelop a tubular object. In particular embodiments, asimilar slot 4012 for receiving another apex connector may be formed onthe opposite end of the apex joint 4005. The opening or end of thatslot, which is not visible from the perspective shown in FIGS. 40A-B,would be located at 4012. In particular embodiments, the slots 4011 and4012 may be symmetrical across an imaginary vertical plane dividing theapex joint 4005 in half through the center between slot 4011 and slot4012. In particular embodiments, each of the slots 4011 and 4012 may besubstantially cylindrical. In certain embodiments where a pyramidstructure is used to construct a straight structure, such as a gangwayas described below, an apex joint's cylindrical slots for receiving apexconnectors may align with each other to form a straight line (in otherwords, the axes of the cylindrical slots may coincide). On the otherhand, in embodiments where pyramid structures are used for constructinga circular mainframe, such as the one shown in FIG. 37B, the exteriorangle (i.e., the angle measured from outside the joint's body and notthrough the body) between the two cylindrical slots 4011 and 4012 (ortheir corresponding axes) may be less than 180 degrees. The particularangle depends on the geometry of the mainframe. In particularembodiments, a circular mainframe may be approximated by a regularpolygon (e.g., 36-sided polygon). As such, the angle between twoconnectors created by an apex joint 4005 may correspond to the interiorangle of a vertex or corner of the polygon. The angle may depend on thenumber of vertices/corners that the polygon is designed to have. Forexample, the sum of the interior angles of the polygon may be determinedbased on the formula, (n−2)×180 degrees, where n is the number ofvertices/corners of the polygon (the sum of the exterior angles of allthe vertices/corners of the polygon is 360 degree). Thus, for example,each interior angle of a regular polygon may be determined based on theformula: ((n−2)×180)/n.

In particular embodiments, the apex joint 4005 may also comprise a slot4013 for receiving an apex-to-base connector (e.g., connector 3815 shownin FIG. 38). In particular embodiments, the apex joint 4005 may havefour such apex-to-base slots 4013, 4014, 4015, and 4016 to form apyramid structure. Since each side of the pyramid structure is atriangle, the angle between each pair of apex-to-base slotscorresponding to a vertex of a triangle side depends on the desiredgeometric properties of the pyramid. For example, if the sides of thepyramid structure are to be identical equilateral triangles, then theangle between each pair of apex-to-base slots would be substantially 60degrees.

In particular embodiments, each slot (e.g., 4011, 4013, etc.) may haveone or more holes into which liquid adhesive may be injected. Withrods/connectors inserted, liquid adhesive may be injected into one ormore of the holes, and air bubbles and/or excess adhesive may be allowedto exit from one or more other holes. This mechanism for bonding piecesof joints and connectors may be applied to any of the joints describedherein.

FIGS. 41A and 41B illustrate different perspectives of an alternativeembodiment of a base joint 4100 used for constructing a mainframe's 3740pyramid structure (e.g., as shown in FIG. 38). In particularembodiments, the base joint 4100 may be made of metal or any othersimilar material. In particular embodiments, the base joint 4100 mayinclude one or more slots. For instance, base joint 4100 may have eightslots 4101, 4102, 4103, 4104, 4105, 4106, 4107, and 4108 (not visible inFIG. 41A but visible in FIG. 41B). In particular embodiments, each ofthe slots 4101-4108 may be configured to receive and substantiallyenvelop a tubular object, such as a connector. In particularembodiments, each of the slots 4101-4108 may be substantiallycylindrical.

In particular embodiments, the base joint 4100 may have a total of eightslots—a center slot 4108 for receiving a connector shared between thebases of two adjacent pyramids (e.g., connector 3812 shown in FIG. 38),a connecting slot 4101 for connecting to some other structure (e.g., a6-way geodesic joint 4400), a first side slot 4102, a first diagonalslot 4103, a first apex slot 4104 for one of the pyramids, a second sideslot 4107, a second diagonal slot 4106, and a second apex slot 4105 forthe other pyramid. The side slot 4102 may be configured to receive aconnector (e.g., 3811 in FIG. 38) connecting the base joint 4100 with anadjacent base joint (e.g., 5200 in FIG. 38) of a first pyramid (e.g.,pyramid 3750 a), the diagonal slot 4103 may be configured to receive aconnector (e.g., 3790 in FIG. 38) connecting the base joint 4100 withthe diagonal base joint 4600 of the first pyramid 3750 a, and the apexslot 4104 may be configured to receive a connector (e.g., 3816 in FIG.38) connecting the base joint 4100 with the apex joint (e.g., 4005 a inFIG. 38) of that first pyramid 3750 a. The other slots, 4105-4107 may beused to form the corner structure of a second adjacent pyramid (e.g.,the pyramid structure on the right of the pyramid structure 3750 a).Similar to slots 4102-4104, the side slot 4107, diagonal slot 4106, andapex slot 4105 of the base joint 4100 may be configured to receiveconnectors connecting the base joint 4100 with the adjacent base joint,diagonal base joint, and apex joint of the second pyramid structure,respectively.

In certain embodiments where a pyramid structure is used to construct astraight structure, such as a gangway as described below, a base joint'scylindrical side slots (similar to slots 4102 and 4107) may align witheach other to form a straight line (in other words, the axes of thecylindrical slots may coincide). On the other hand, in embodiments wherepyramid structures are used for constructing a circular mainframe, suchas the one shown in FIG. 37B, the interior angle (i.e., the angle withan opening pointing towards the center of the mainframe) between the twocylindrical side slots (or their corresponding axes) may be less than180 degrees. In particular embodiments, a circular mainframe may beapproximated by a regular polygon (e.g., 36-sided polygon). As such, theangle between two connectors created by a base joint 4100 may correspondto the interior angle of a vertex or corner of the polygon. The anglemay depend on the number of vertices/corners that the polygon isdesigned to have. For example, the sum of the interior angles of thepolygon may be determined based on the formula, (n−2)×180 degrees, wheren is the number of vertices/corners of the polygon (the sum of theexterior angles of all the vertices/corners of the polygon is 360degree). Thus, for example, each interior angle of a regular polygon maybe determined based on the formula: ((n−2)×180)/n.

As discussed above, the base joint 4100 may comprise a center slot 4108and two side slots 4102 and 4107. In particular embodiments, the centerslot 4108 may be substantially perpendicular to each of the side slots4102 and 4105. Also as discussed above, the base joint 4100 may form thecorner joints of two adjacent pyramid structures, as shown in, e.g.,FIG. 38. As such, center slot 4108, side slot 4102, and apex slot 4104may define and support the corner structure of one pyramid (e.g.,pyramid structure 3750 a), and center slot 4108, side slot 4107, andapex slot 4105 may define and support the corner structure of the otherpyramid. With respect to each one of the pyramids, such as the pyramid3750 a formed using slots 4108, 4102, and 4104, the angle between theapex slot 4104 and the center slot 4108 and the angle between the apexslot 4104 and the side slot 4102 depend on the desired geometricproperties of the pyramid. For example, if each side of the pyramidstructure is an equilateral triangle (the base of the pyramid is notbeing referred to as a side), then the angle between the apex slot 4104and center slot 4108 slots and the angle between the apex slot 4104 andthe side slot 4102 would both be substantially 60 degrees. In particularembodiments, the corresponding structures for the other half of the basejoint 4100 may have the same configuration.

In particular embodiments, each slot may have one or more holes intowhich liquid adhesive may be injected. With rods/connectors inserted,liquid adhesive may be injected into one or more of the holes, and airbubbles and/or excess adhesive may be allowed to exit from one or moreother holes. This mechanism for bonding pieces of joints and connectorsmay be applied to any of the joints described herein.

FIG. 42 illustrates an alternative example of an apex joint 4275,functionally similar to apex joint 375 in FIG. 3B, used for constructinga gangway's pyramid structure, such as the one as shown in 39B. The apexjoint 4275 of the gangway's pyramid structure is similar to the apexjoint 4005 of the mainframe's pyramid structure. Four of the slotopenings are apex-to-base slots (the openings of slots 4213, 4214, and4215 are shown; the opening of the fourth slot is hidden from view butis located within slot 4216). Slots 4213 and 4214 are symmetrical toslots 4215 and 4216 across an imaginary plane cutting through the centerof the joint 4275. The other two slot openings, 4211 and 4212, areapex-to-apex slots. While these apex-to-apex slots are similar to thoseof a mainframe's apex joint 4005, they are different in that their axesare aligned. In particular embodiments, the interior of the slots 4211and 4212 may not be connected, which means that two separate connectorswould need to be inserted into the two slots. In other embodiments, theinterior of the slots 411 and 4212 may form a continuous channel throughwhich a single connector may be inserted. Other features of the apexjoint 4275 are similar to that of the mainframe's apex joint 305 or 4005and, therefore, would not be repeated for brevity.

FIGS. 43A-43B illustrate an example of a gangway-to-geodesic base joint4300 of a gangway's pyramid structure (e.g., pyramid 3943 in FIG. 39B).A gangway's pyramid structure 3943 may be configured to be adjacent togeodesic structures, as shown in FIG. 39B. As such, in the embodiment ofa gangway-to-geodesic base joint 4300, the gangway-to-geodesic basejoint 4300 contains nine slots to support two adjoining gangway pyramidsand the adjoining geodesic structure. The base-to-base slots 4301, 4302,and 4303 are configured to support connectors that form the bases of thetwo adjoining gangway pyramids, which will be referred to as gangwaypyramids A and B (pyramid structures 3943 and 3944 in FIG. 39B). Inparticular, slot 4302 is used for forming a side that is shared betweenthe bases of the adjoining gangway pyramids A and B, and slots 4301 and4303 are used for forming, respectively, the two adjoining gangwaypyramids' sides that are on the same side of the gangway. Thebase-to-apex slots 4308 and 4309 are used to connect thegangway-to-geodesic base joint 4300 to the apexes of the two adjoininggangway pyramids, respectively. For example, slot 4308 may be used toconnect to pyramid A's apex, and slot 4309 may be used to connect topyramid B's apex. The gangway-to-geodesic base joint 4300 may also havebase-to-geodesic slots 4304 and 4305 for connecting thegangway-to-geodesic base joint 4300 to the adjoining geodesic structure(e.g., slot 4304 may connect to the 6-way geodesic joint 4400 a in FIG.39B). The gangway-to-geodesic base joint 4300 may also have slots 4306and 4307 for diagonal connection across the gangway to the 6-waygeodesic joints (e.g., 4400 b) that are also configured to connect theother sides of the bases of gangway pyramid structures to the geodesicstructure. Such a 6-way geodesic joint (e.g., 4400 b) is part of thebase each gangway pyramid structure (e.g., 3943). As an example, thegangway-to-geodesic base joint 4300 is connected, via its slot 4306, tothe 6-way geodesic joint 4400 b. The slots 4301-4307 are allsubstantially on the same plane. The base-to-apex slots 4308 and 4309for forming a side of a pyramid, on the other hand, are configured toform an angle from that plane.

FIG. 44 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a 6-way geodesic joint4400, which is functionally similar to joint 330 shown in FIG. 3C withsix connector slot openings. In particular embodiments, the 6-waygeodesic joint 4400 is used to form a geodesic structure, as shown inFIGS. 39A and 39B. As shown in FIG. 39A, the geodesic structure in oneembodiment may comprise rows of triangles with alternating orientations,with a 6-way geodesic joint 4400 anchoring the intersection betweenthree triangles from one row and three adjacent triangles from anadjacent row. Each 6-way geodesic joint 4400 may have six connectorslots 4401, 4402, 4403, 4404, 4405, and 4406. In particular embodiments,two connector slots 4401 and 4402 on opposite sides of the joint 4400may form a channel through the joint 4400 to allow a sing longitudinalconnector 3990 to pass through. In other embodiments, the interior ofthe connector slots 4401 and 4402 may not be connected, thus requiringseparate longitudinal connectors 3990 to be inserted into slots 4401 and4402, respectively. The 6-way geodesic structure 4400 in one embodimentmay comprise an “X” pattern, formed by slots 4403, 4404, 4405, and 4406,that is placed under (or over, depending on its orientation when viewed)slots 4401 and 4402. The geodesic structure 3999 may be formed byconnecting each slot of a 6-way geodesic joint 4400 with a slot ofanother 6-way geodesic joint 4400, as shown in FIG. 39A. The connectorslots 4401 of 4402 of a series of 6-way geodesic joints 4400 may beconnected to form a longitudinal row (e.g., the row formed by a seriesof longitudinal connectors 3990).

In particular embodiments, in addition to forming geodesic structures3999, a 6-way geodesic joint 4400 may be used to form part of the baseof a gangway pyramid structure and to connect the gangway pyramidstructure to the geodesic structure. For example, FIG. 39B shows a 6-waygeodesic gangway base joint 4400 b used to form a part of the base ofthe gangway pyramid structure 3943. In these embodiments, connectorslots 4401 and 4402 may connect to base joints (e.g., 4500 and 4700) onone side of a gangway pyramid structure. Connector slots 4403 and 4404may connect to gangway base joints (e.g., 4300 and 4600) on the oppositeside of a gangway pyramid structure. Connector slots 4405 and 4406 mayconnect to either two 6-way geodesic joints 4400 or to one 6-waygeodesic joint 4400 and a mainframe-to-geodesic joint 5000. Additionaldetail on embodiments including a geodesic structure comprising only6-way geodesic joints 4400 can be found in FIG. 39A.

FIGS. 45A-45B illustrate different perspective views of an example of agangway-to-mainframe base joint 4500 that connects two mainframe pyramidstructures to a gangway pyramid structure at their bases (thegangway-to-mainframe base joint 4500 forms the corner of the threepyramid structures). For example, referring to FIG. 39B,gangway-to-mainframe base joint 4500 may connect mainframe pyramidstructures 3750 b and 3750 c to gangway pyramid structure 3943. Thegangway-to-mainframe base joint 4500 may contain seven slots 4501, 4502,4503, 4504, 4505, 4506, and 4507. Slot 4501 may be configured to connectto a 6-way geodesic gangway base joint 4400 b. Slot 4502 may connect tomainframe-gangway-base-geodesic joint 4600. Slot 4503 may connect togangway apex joint 4275 of pyramid structure 3943. Slots 4504 and 4505may connect to mainframe apex joints 4900 and 4005 b of the twoadjoining mainframe pyramid structures 3750 b and 3750 c, respectively.Slot 4506 may connect to mainframe-to-geodesic joint 5000. And slot 4507may connect to mainframe base joint 5100.

FIGS. 46A-46B illustrate an example of mainframe-gangway-base-geodesicjoint 4600. In particular embodiments, a mainframe-gangway-base-geodesicjoint 4600 may include eleven connector slots for connecting to multipleother joints in the gangway, mainframe, and geodesic structure. Slots4601, 4606, 4602, 4607, and 4603 may be used to form the bases of twoadjoining mainframe pyramid structures, such as pyramid structures 3750a and 3750 b shown in FIG. 39B. Specifically, slots 4601 and 4602 may beused to form adjoining sides of the base of the pyramid structure 4750 a(e.g., connecting to joints 4800 and 5200, respectively) and slot 4606may be used to form the diagonal connector for that base (e.g.,connecting to joint 4100, not shown in FIG. 39B). As such, slot 4606 maybe angled at 45 degrees relative to slots 4601 and 4602. Similarly,slots 4603 and 4602 may be used to form adjoining sides of the base ofthe pyramid structure 4750 b (e.g., connecting to joints 4500 and 5200,respectively) and slot 4607 may be used to form the diagonal connectorfor that base (e.g., connecting to joint 5100). As such, slot 4607 maybe angled at 45 degrees relative to slots 4602 and 4603. Slots 4603,4605, and 4610 may be used to form one corner of the adjoining gangwaypyramid structure 3943. Slots 4603 and 4610 may be used to formadjoining sides of the base of the gangway pyramid structure 3943 (e.g.,connecting to joints 4500 and 4300, respectively). Slot 4605 may be usedto connect to the 6-way geodesic joint 4400 b on the other side of thegangway pyramid structure 3943. Slots 4604 may be used to connect toanother 6-way geodesic joint 4400 a of the adjoining geodesic structure.The remaining three slots 4611, 4608, and 4609 connect to the apexjoints of the adjacent pyramid structures. In particular, connector slot4611 connects to the apex joint 4275 of the adjoining gangway pyramidstructure 3943; connector slot 4608 connects to the apex joint 4005 a ofthe pyramid structure 3750 a; and connect slot 4609 connects to the apexjoint 4900 of the pyramid structure 3750 b.

FIGS. 47A-47B illustrate different perspectives of an example of agangway base joint 4700 of a gangway's pyramid structure. In someembodiments, a gangway's pyramid structure, such as pyramid structure3944 in FIG. 39B, may comprise gangway-to-geodesic base joints 4300 onone side of the gangway base and staggered gangway base joints 4700 and6-way geodesic gangway base joints 4400 b on the other side of thegangway base. The intersecting gangway pyramid structure 3943 may bedifferent from other gangway pyramid structures (e.g., 3944) in that itsbase is constructed using a gangway-to-geodesic base joint 4300, gangwaybase joint 4700, and joints 4600 and 4500. In particular embodiments,the gangway base joint 4700 may form adjacent corners of two adjacentgangway pyramid structures, such as pyramid structures 3944 and 3943.The gangway base joint 4700 may include three gangway base-to-base slots4701, 4702, and 4703. Slots 4701 and 4703 may form the corner of a baseof one gangway pyramid structure 3944 and slots 4702 and 4703 may formthe corner of a base of the other gangway pyramid structure 3943. Slots4701 and 4702 may connect to two adjacent 6-way geodesic gangway basejoints (e.g., 4400 b), while slot 4703 may connect to thegangway-to-geodesic base joint 4300 on the other side of the gangway.Base-to-apex slots 4704 and 4705 connect to the apex joints of theadjoining gangway pyramid structures 3944 and 3943. For example, agangway base joint 4700 in FIG. 39B may connect to the apex joint ofgangway pyramid structure 3944 as well as the apex joint of adjacentgangway pyramid structure 3943.

FIGS. 48A and 48B illustrate different perspectives of an example of amainframe-to-geodesic base joint 4800. The joint 4800 is configured toconnect two mainframe pyramid structures at the corner of each of theirrespective bases to a geodesic structure via a longitudinal connector.In FIG. 39B, the base joint 4800 is used to form the corners of themainframe pyramid structure 3750 a and an adjacent mainframe pyramidstructure above it (not shown). The base joint 4800 may have sixconnector slots. Slots 4801 and 4802 may be configured to connect toadjacent mainframe base joints (e.g., base joint 4600 of the mainframepyramid structure 3750 a in FIG. 38B, though it should be understoodthat mainframe base joint 4800 connector slots 4801 and 4802 may connectto mainframe base joints of various types and configurations). Centerconnector slot 4805 may connect to another base joint (e.g., 4100 shownin FIG. 38), located on the other side of the mainframe, that is sharedby the same two pyramid structures. Apex connector slots 4803 and 4804may be configured to connect to the apexes of the two mainframe pyramidstructures (e.g., slot 4804 connects to the apex joint 4005 a of themainframe pyramid structure 3750 a). Lastly, connector slot 4806 may beconfigured to connect, via a longitudinal connector, to a 6-way geodesicjoint 4400 a of the adjacent geodesic structure.

FIGS. 49A and 49B illustrate different perspectives of an example of agangway-to-mainframe apex joint 4900. In particular embodiments, joint4900 contains eight connector slots 4901, 4902, 4903, 4904, 4905, 4906,4907, and 4908. Apex-to-base connector slots 4901-4904 may respectivelyconnect to the four base joints (e.g., 5200, 4600, 5100, and 4500) ofthe intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 b in FIG. 39B. Inparticular embodiments, the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure3750 b may be adjacent to two mainframe pyramid structures (e.g., 3750 aand 3750 c) and two intersecting gangway pyramid structures (e.g., 3943and another unshown intersecting gangway pyramid structure on the otherside of the intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 b). To connectto the apexes of those pyramid structures, the apex joint 4900 may alsocontains four apex-to-apex connector slots 4905-4908 that respectivelyconnect to the apex joint 4005 b of mainframe pyramid structure 3750 c,the apex joint of the fourth, unshown pyramid structure, the apex joint4275 of the gangway pyramid structure 3943, and the apex joint 4005 a ofthe mainframe pyramid structure 3750 a.

FIG. 50 illustrates an example of a mainframe-to-geodesic joint 5000.Joint 5000 may include ten connector slots 5001, 5002, 5003, 5004, 5005,5006, 5007, 5008, 5009, and 5010 to connect to multiple other joints.The slots 5001-5010 may be used to form the adjacent corners of twomainframe pyramid structures (e.g., pyramid structures 3750 c and thepartially-shown pyramid structure below it) and connect to the gangway(e.g., at 4400 b) and the adjoining geodesic structure. For example, asshown in FIG. 39B, slot 5004 of joint 5000 may connect to joint 4500 toform one side of the mainframe pyramid structure 3750 c. Slot 5008 mayconnect to joint 5300 on the other side of the mainframe to form anadjacent side of the mainframe pyramid structure 3750 c. Slot 5006 mayconnect, via a diagonal connector, to joint 5100 at the opposite cornerof the mainframe pyramid structure 3750 c. Slot 3007 may be connected tothe apex joint 4005 b of the mainframe pyramid structure 3750 c.Similarly, slots 5008, 5010, 5009, and 5005 may be used to form theadjacent corner of the adjacent mainframe pyramid structure (partiallyshown). Slots 5008 and 5010 may be used to form the adjacent sides ofthat corner, slot 5009 may be used to form the diagonal through the baseof that mainframe pyramid structure, and slot 5005 may be used toconnect to the apex joint of that mainframe pyramid structure. The otherthree slots 5003, 5002, and 5001 may connect to the adjoining geodesicstructure via 6-way geodesic joints 4400. Slot 5002 may connect, via alongitudinal connector, to one 6-way geodesic joint, and slots 5003 and5001 may connect to 6-way geodesic joints in neighboring rows (e.g.,slot 5003 may connect to the 6-way geodesic joint 4400 b in the rowabove that forms a side of the gangway).

FIGS. 51A and 51B illustrate different perspectives of an example ofmainframe base joint 5100. In particular embodiments, mainframe basejoint 5100 includes nine connector slots 5101, 5102, 5103, 5104, 5105,5106, 5107, 5108, and 5109. The joint 5100 may be used to form theadjoining corners of intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 b,mainframe pyramid structure 3750 c, and a gangway pyramid structure (notshown) on the opposite side gangway pyramid structure 3943. Using FIG.39B as an example, slots 5101, 5104, 5102, and 5103 of joint 5100 may beused to form the corner of intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750b. In particular, connector slot 5101 may connect togangway-to-mainframe base joint 4500; slot 5102 may connect, via adiagonal connector, to mainframe-gangway-base-geodesic joint 4600; slot5104 may connect to mainframe base joint 5200, and slot 5103 may connectto joint 4900. In a similar manner, slots 5101, 5106, 5105, and 5107 ofjoint 5100 may be used to form the adjoining corner of mainframe pyramidstructure 3750 c. In particular, connector slot 5101 may connect togangway-to-mainframe base joint 4500; slot 5107 may connect to mainframeapex joint 4005 b; slot 5105 may connect to base joint 5300; and slot5106 may connect, via a diagonal connector, to mainframe-to-geodesicjoint 5000. In addition, slot 5108 may be used to form a side of theadjacent gangway pyramid structure (not shown) and slot 5109 may be usedto connect to the apex joint of that gangway pyramid structure.

FIGS. 52A and 52B illustrate different perspectives of an example ofmainframe base joint 5200. In particular embodiments, mainframe basejoint 5200 includes nine connector slots 5201, 5202, 5203, 5204, 5205,5206, 5207, 5208, and 5209. The joint 5200 may be used to form theadjoining corners of intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 b,mainframe pyramid structure 3750 a, a gangway pyramid structure (notshown) on the opposite side gangway pyramid structure 3943, and anadjoining geodesic structure (not shown). Using FIG. 39B as an example,slots 5201, 5208, and 5209 of joint 5200 may be used to form the cornerof intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 b. In particular,connector slot 5201 may connect to mainframe-gangway-base-geodesic joint4600; slot 5209 may connect to mainframe apex joint 4900; and slot 5208may connect to base joint 5100. Similarly, slots 5201, 5202, and 5203may be used to form the corner of mainframe pyramid structure 3750 a. Inparticular, connector slot 5201 may connect tomainframe-gangway-base-geodesic joint 4600; slot 5202 may connect tomainframe apex joint 4005 a; and slot 5208 may connect to base joint4100 (not shown in FIG. 39B but shown in FIG. 38). Slots 5205, 5206, and5207 may be used to form the corner of a gangway pyramid structure thatis not shown in FIG. 39B but would be on the opposite side of theintersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 b relative to gangwaypyramid structure 3943. In particular, connector slot 5205 may beconnected to a base joint of that pyramid structure to form a side ofthe gangway; slot 5206 may be connected to the apex joint of thatpyramid structure, and slot 5207 may be connected to a 6-way geodesicjoint on the other side of the gangway, similar to joint 4400 b. Slot5204 may be connected to a 6-way geodesic joint 4400 (not shown) of anadjacent geodesic structure.

FIGS. 53A and 53B illustrate different perspectives of an example ofmainframe base joint 5300. In particular embodiments, mainframe basejoint 5300 includes eight connector slots 5301, 5302, 5303, 5304, 5305,5306, 5307, and 5308. The joint 5300 may be used to form a corner ofmainframe pyramid structures 3750 c and another adjoining mainframepyramid structure that is partially shown in FIG. 39B. Using FIG. 39B asan example, slots 5303, 5304, and 5306 of joint 5300 may be used to formthe corner of intersecting mainframe pyramid structure 3750 c. Inparticular, connector slot 5303 may connect to joint 5100; slot 5304 mayconnect to mainframe apex joint 4005 b; and slot 5306 may connect tobase joint 5000. Similarly, slots 5307, 5305, and 5306 may be used toform the corner of the adjoining, partially shown mainframe pyramidstructure. In particular, slots 5306 and 5307 may be used to form thecorner of the base of that pyramid structure and slot 5305 may be usedto connect to the apex of that pyramid structure. In addition, joint5300 may be used to connect to the adjoining geodesic structure (notshown in FIG. 39B). In particular, slot 5301 may connect to a 6-waygeodesic joint 4400 on the same row using a longitudinal connector; slot5308 may connect to a 6-way geodesic joint 4400 on another row of ageodesic structure; and slots 5302 may connect to a 6-way geodesic joint4400 that is part of the base of a gangway pyramid structure.

Particular embodiments described herein referred to as the“Rollercoaster” provide a safer, faster assembly structure andmethodology for manufacturing airships. Traditionally, airships are keptstationary while being built, which means that builders must climb togreat heights to build airships. Embodiments of the Rollercoasterstructure allow an airship (or partially completed portions of it) to berotated while being built so that builders may stay grounded, therebyimproving safety and speed. In particular embodiments, each mainframe ofthe airship may be manufactured on the ground by rotating the mainframeto bring the portions being worked on to an elevation suitable forbuilders on the ground. Longitudinal support between mainframes may thenbe added to connect adjacent mainframes.

FIG. 54 illustrates an example of a mainframe assembled on aRollercoaster jig, where a mainframe 5400 is set on top of a jig 5410.It should be appreciated that a partially completed mainframe may alsobe set on the jig 5410 while it is being built. In particularembodiments, the Rollercoaster may also comprise a tower 5420 to preventthe mainframe 5400 from falling sideways off the jig 5410.

FIGS. 55A-55B illustrate embodiments of a Rollercoaster jig. In theembodiment shown in FIG. 55A, a jig 5510 may have a pair of rails 5511running parallel to one another. The distance between the rails 5511 maydepend on the width of the mainframe which the Rollercoaster is designedto support. For example, the distance between the rails 5511 may beconfigured to substantially match the width of the mainframe. The rails5511 may form an arc, which may conform to the curvature of themainframe. The length of the rails 5511 (or the arc) may be any suitablelength to provide adequate support for the mainframe. In the embodimentshown in FIG. 55A, the rails 5511 may be affixed to stationarysupporting structures 5512 (e.g., with fixed heights). In the embodimentshown in FIG. 55B, the rails 5521 may be affixed to adjustablesupporting structures 5522 (e.g., individually adjustable with respectto height), which may be used to adjust the height and/or curvature ofthe Rollercoaster's rails 5521.

FIG. 56 illustrates a close-up view of one of the adjustable supportingstructures 5522. Each of the rails 5521 may be attached to an attachmentblock 5631. The attachment block 5631 may be affixed to an adjustableplatform 5632, which in turn may be affixed to the body of the jig 5633.

In particular embodiments, the outer surface of a mainframe may havedetachable wheels configured to interface the mainframe with theRollercoaster's rails and allow the mainframe to rotate along its axis.FIGS. 57A-57B illustrate an embodiment of detachable wheels 5700. Adetachable wheel 5700 may be affixed at or near each base joint of themainframe. In particular embodiments, the wheel 5710 may have a concavesurface to improve its fit on top of convex rails. In particularembodiments, the wheel may have a concave surface to fit over concaverails (the concavity of the rails may form a channel in which the wheelsmay be placed). In particular embodiments, the housing 5720 for thewheel 5710 may be manufactured using carbon-fiber twills, similar tothose used for the apex and base joints as described above. For example,the housing 5720 may be manufactured using 3D-printed molds. Inparticular embodiments, screws may be used to affix the housing 5720 tothe mainframe and the wheel 5710. In another embodiment, two wheels maybe attached to opposite ends of an elongated housing. The top side ofthe housing may have adjustable clamps that may be clamped to theconnectors of a mainframe, such as, for example, any connector formingthe base of a pyramid structure. Once the airship is complete, thedetachable wheels may be detached from the airship's mainframes.

In particular embodiments, a mainframe may be rotated on a Rollercoastermanually (e.g., by sliding them across the surface of the Rollercoasteror by manually cranking a lever to rotate the mainframe on theRollercoaster). In other embodiments, a powered drive unit may be usedto facilitate the rotation of a mainframe on a Rollercoaster. Inparticular embodiments, the drive unit may be gas powered, electricpowered, or powered by any other form of energy. In particularembodiments, multiple Rollercoasters may be arranged side by side, eachwith a corresponding mainframe. The Rollercoasters may be engagedsimultaneously to rotate all of the corresponding mainframes. In thisway, large sections of airship body, comprising multiple sections ofmainframe, may be rotated for assembly. In particular embodiments, adrive unit attached to each of the multiple Rollercoasters mayfacilitate the rotation. In particular embodiments, the drive units maybe synchronized, either mechanically or electronically (e.g., by acentral computer) so that each section of mainframe is rotated at thesame time and by the appropriate degrees of rotation.

The apparatuses described above may be used to efficiently andcost-effectively build airships. In particular embodiments, each of theaforementioned joints used in the construction of a rigid airship'sframe may be manufactured using molds. In particular embodiments, any ofthe molds described herein may be manufactured as follows. Eachcomponent of a mold (e.g., the male, female, or center piece) may bequickly and cost-effectively created using 3D printers. For instance, adigital 3D model defining a mold component may be sent to a 3D printerfor printing. Layer by layer, the 3D printer may “print” the moldcomponent based on its digital model. Any sufficiently strong materialmay be used, including but not limited to: nylon, ABS plastic, metal,resin, etc. In particular embodiments, the mold component may be solidwith 3D-printing material. In other embodiments, the mold component maybe designed to have a hollow cavity in the middle, with built-inexternal openings to the cavity. Once the shell of the mold componenthas been 3D-printed, cement or other suitable types of material may beinjected into the cavity through the openings. Advantages of thisprocess include, e.g., strengthening the mold component beyond what canbe offered by the 3D-printing material alone, decreasing 3D-printingtime (since less mass is printed), and reducing costs associated with 3Dprinting. Once the cement hardens, the mold component would be ready foruse.

In particular embodiments, the mold components may be used to pressagainst joint materials to create joints for the rigid airship. Inparticular embodiments, carbon-fiber twills may be used, as they havethe desirable properties of being strong, lightweight, rigid, andinitially pliable. The carbon-fiber twills may be treated with ahardening agent, such as epoxy resin. Thereafter, layers of twills maybe placed between mold components. In particular embodiments, to aidsubsequent detachment of the pressed carbon-fiber twills from the moldcomponents, a layer of plastic sheet may be placed between the twillsand each mold component. The mold components may then be pressedtogether so that corresponding portions designed to fit together arealigned with each other. A suitable amount of force may be applied tothe molds to maintain their pressed configuration and to shape thecarbon-fiber twills until they harden. The force may be applied by,e.g., using clamps, weights, or any other suitable means. Once thecarbon-fiber twills harden, the mold components may be separated fromeach other to allow the carbon-fiber twills to be removed. In particularembodiments, the hardened carbon-fiber twills, which are then jointcomponents, may be trimmed to remove undesirable or unneeded portions.

The joint components may then be used to construct the frame of a rigidairship. In particular embodiments, components of a joint may be affixedto each other to form the desired joint. For example, the male andfemale halves of the mainframe's apex joint may be assembled as shown inFIG. 5A. In particular embodiments, the joint components may be affixedby using bolts, adhesives or any other suitable bonding agent. Any suchfastening means may be applied to surfaces where the joint componentsabut each other. FIG. 5A, for example, shows that aside from portionswhere the slots are formed, other portions of the male and female halvesare substantially in contact. Liquid adhesives, for example, may beapplied to such surfaces to bind the components together to form thejoint. In particular embodiments, the joints may be permanently formedin such manner first, and thereafter connectors may be inserted into theslots. In other embodiments, connectors may be positioned before a jointis permanently assembled. For instance, connectors may be positionedwith just the male half of a joint, and thereafter the female half maybe assembled into place. In effect, the male and female halves may beused to clasp the connectors while they are positioned in the designatedslots.

In particular embodiments, the connectors may be affixed to the jointusing liquid adhesives. For example, adhesives may be applied to theinterior surfaces of the slots and/or the ends of the connectors thatwould be inserted into the slots. In particular embodiments, the bindingsurfaces of the slots and the connectors may be pre-treated withadhesives before the connectors are placed into the slots. In particularembodiments, the connectors may first be inserted into a joint, and thenadhesives may be injected into the space between the abutting surfaces.In such case, holes may be drilled into each slot before a connector isinserted. For example, for a given slot of a joint, the correspondingportion in the male half may have a hole and the corresponding portionin the female half may similarly have a hole. After a connector has beeninserted into the slot, liquid adhesive may be injected into the slotthrough one of the holes, thereby bonding the interior surface of theslot with the inserted end of the connector. Air bubbles and excessadhesive may flow out of the other hole during the injection process.While the adhesive is drying, clasps, zip-ties, rubber bands, or anyother type of constraining devices may be used to hold the connectorsand slots in place. In particular embodiments, to confine the injectedliquid adhesive to a limited region within a slot, and/or to ensure thata sufficient amount of adhesive is between an inserted connector and theinterior of the slot, a region within the slot surrounding the holes maybe compartmentalized to prevent injected adhesive from seeping beyondthe region. For instance, two O-rings or similar devices may be attachedto the end of a connector or to the interior surface of a slot. The twoO-rings may be spaced apart so that, once the connector is inserted, theO-rings would define a region surrounding the holes in the slot throughwhich adhesive is injected. The O-rings serve as barriers that preventthe injected adhesive from extending beyond the defined region.

In particular embodiments, a mainframe may be assembled using theaforementioned joints and connectors (e.g., either the carbon fiber ormetal embodiments). In particular embodiments, the mainframe may bebuilt on top of the Rollercoaster jig. For example, after a pyramidstructure of a mainframe has been constructed, detachable wheels may beattached to the corners of the pyramid's base. The pyramid structure maythen be placed onto the Rollercoaster jig, with the wheels aligned withthe rails of the jig. Additional pyramid structures may be similarlybuilt and connected to one another on the jig. Engineers may rotate thepartially-assembled mainframe on the Rollercoaster jig as needed so thatsegments that are to be worked on would remain accessible to theengineers on the ground. This not only provides a much safer workingenvironment (since the Engineers would not have to climb to greatheights), but also improves efficiency.

In particular embodiments, assembled mainframes may be placed inparallel to each other so that a hull segment may be built between them.In particular embodiments, two mainframes may both be placed onRollercoaster jigs and rotated so that corresponding pyramid structuresof the two mainframes are aligned. In particular embodiments, extensionjoints, such as those described with reference to FIGS. 20-36, may beattached to the mainframes' joints. Using those extension joints,gangways (e.g., four evenly-spaced gangways, such as those shown inFIG. 1) may be built to connect the mainframes. If metal joints are usedinstead (e.g., FIGS. 37-53), the slots used for connecting a mainframeto the gangways and geodesic structures are integrated with the jointswithout the need for extension joints. In particular embodiments, theremaining portions between each pair of mainframes may be constructedusing geodesic structures, described herein. In particular embodiments,the geodesic structures may comprise longitudinal connectors thatconnect each base joint of one mainframe to a corresponding base jointof the other mainframe. To add additional structural support, thegeodesic structures may further comprise crossing diagonals, therebyforming the aforementioned “X” patterns or 6-way geodesic patterns. Inthis manner, a hull segment of the airship may be built. Additional hullsegments may be similarly built and connected to one another to form theframe of a rigid airship.

What is claimed is:
 1. An airship structure, comprising: a plurality ofmainframes, wherein each of the plurality of mainframes comprises aplurality of interconnected pyramid structures, wherein a first pyramidstructure of the plurality of interconnected pyramid structurescomprises: an apex joint having slots configured for receivingconnectors, wherein the slots of the apex joint comprise fourapex-to-base slots; four base joints, each having slots configured forreceiving connectors, wherein the slots of each of the base jointscomprise a base-to-apex slot and two base-to-base slots; a plurality offirst connectors, wherein each of the first connectors connects the apexjoint to one of the four base joints using one of the apex-to-base slotsof the apex joint and the base-to-apex slot of that base joint; and aplurality of second connectors, wherein each of the second connectorsconnects two of the four base joints using one of the base-to-base slotsof each of the two base joints connected by that second connector. 2.The airship structure of claim 1, wherein the first pyramid structure isadjacent to a second pyramid structure, wherein a first base joint and asecond base joint of the four base joints of the first pyramid structureare base joints of the adjacent second pyramid structure.
 3. The airshipstructure of claim 2, wherein one of the plurality of second connectorsconnecting the first base joint and the second base joint forms a sidethat is shared by a first base of the first pyramid structure and asecond base of the second pyramid structure.
 4. The airship structure ofclaim 2, wherein the slots of the first base joint further comprise: asecond base-to-apex slot configured to be connected to an apex joint ofthe second pyramid structure; and a third base-to-base slot configuredto be connected to a third base joint of the second pyramid structure.5. The airship structure of claim 4, wherein the slots of the first basejoint further comprise: a fourth base-to-base slot configured to beconnected, by a diagonal connector, to a fourth base joint of the secondpyramid structure.
 6. The airship structure of claim 2, wherein theslots of the first base joint further comprise: three additional slotsconfigured to be connected, respectively, to three geodesic joints of ageodesic structure.
 7. The airship structure of claim 6, wherein thethree geodesic joints are 4-way geodesic joints.
 8. The airshipstructure of claim 6, wherein the three geodesic joints are 6-waygeodesic joints.
 9. The airship structure of claim 8, wherein one of thethree geodesic joints is used to form a base of a third pyramidstructure of a gangway.
 10. The airship structure of claim 2, whereinthe slots of the first base joint further comprises: a single slot thatis configured to be connected to a single geodesic joint.
 11. Theairship structure of claim 1, wherein the slots of the apex jointfurther comprise: a first apex-to-apex slot configured to be connectedto an apex joint of an adjacent second pyramid structure; and a secondapex-to-apex slot configured to be connected to an apex joint of anadjacent third pyramid structure, wherein the second pyramid structureand the third pyramid structure are on opposite sides of the firstpyramid structure.
 12. The airship structure of claim 11, wherein theslots of the apex joint further comprise: a third apex-to-apex slotconfigured to be connected to an apex joint of an adjacent fourthpyramid structure.
 13. The airship structure of claim 12, wherein thefourth pyramid structure is part of a gangway.
 14. The airship structureof claim 1, further comprising: at least one gangway connecting a firstmainframe and a second mainframe of the plurality of mainframes, whereinthe gangway comprises a plurality of interconnected second pyramidstructures, wherein one of the second pyramid structures is adjacent tothe first pyramid structure, wherein the first pyramid structure is oneof the plurality of interconnected pyramid structures of the firstmainframe.
 15. The airship structure of claim 14, wherein a shared basejoint is used to form a corner of the first pyramid structure and acorner of the second pyramid structure, wherein the shared base joint isone of the four base joints of the first pyramid structure.
 16. Theairship structure of claim 15, wherein the shared base joint is used toform a corner of a third pyramid structure, wherein the third pyramidstructure and the first pyramid structure are adjacent pyramidstructures of the first mainframe.
 17. The airship structure of claim16, wherein the shared base joint comprises: a second base-to-apex slotconfigured to be connect to an apex joint of the second pyramidstructure; a third base-to-apex slot configured to be connected to anapex joint of the third pyramid structure; a third base-to-base slotconfigured to be connected to a first additional base joint of thesecond pyramid structure; and a fourth base-to-base slot configured tobe connected to a first additional base joint of the third pyramidstructure.
 18. The airship structure of claim 17, wherein the sharedbase joint comprises: a fifth base-to-base slot configured to beconnected, by a diagonal connector, one of the four base joints of thefirst pyramid structure, other than the shared base joint.
 19. Theairship structure of claim 18, wherein the shared base joint comprises:a sixth base-to-base slot configured to be connected, by a diagonalconnector, to a second additional base joint of the third pyramidstructure.
 20. The airship structure of claim 17, wherein the sharedbase joint comprises: an additional slot configured to be connected to ageodesic joint of a geodesic structure.
 21. The airship structure ofclaim 17, wherein the shared base joint comprises: an additional slotconfigured to be connected to a geodesic joint that is used to form abase of the second pyramid structure.
 22. The airship structure of claim21, wherein the geodesic joint forms the base of the second pyramidstructure by being connected to each of four base joints of the secondpyramid structure, wherein the four base joints of the second pyramidstructure comprise the shared base joint and the first additional basejoint of the second pyramid structure.
 23. The airship structure ofclaim 1, wherein the plurality of interconnected pyramid structures ofeach of the plurality of mainframes are connected in a loop; whereinapex joints of the interconnected pyramid structures are interconnectedby a plurality of third connectors; and wherein the plurality of thirdconnectors define a polygon.
 24. The airship structure of claim 23,wherein each of the apex joints comprises a pair of apex-to-apex slotsconfigured for receiving two of the plurality of third connectors; andwherein the pair of apex-to-apex slots of each of the apex joints areangled with respect to each other to form an interior vertex of thepolygon defined by the plurality of third connectors.
 25. The airshipstructure of claim 1, further comprising: at least one gangwayconnecting a first mainframe and a second mainframe of the plurality ofmainframes, wherein the gangway comprises a plurality of interconnectedsecond pyramid structures, wherein bases of the second pyramid structureare substantially in the same plane.
 26. The airship structure of claim1, wherein the apex joint and the four base joints are made of metal.27. The airship structure of claim 1, wherein the apex joint and thefour base joints are made of carbon fiber.
 28. The airship structure ofclaim 27, wherein the apex joint comprises a male half and a femalehalf, wherein the slots of the apex joint are formed by contours of themale half and the female half.
 29. The airship structure of claim 28,wherein each of the apex-to-base slots of the apex joint is formed byinterior concave surfaces of the male half and the female half.
 30. Theairship structure of claim 28, wherein the male half and the female halfare each constructed by pressing carbon-fiber twills between molds. 31.The airship structure of claim 30, wherein the molds are constructedusing 3D printing.
 32. A jig for constructing a mainframe of an airshipstructure, comprising: a first rail and a second rail that areconfigured to be parallel to each other, the first rail and the secondrail each forming an arc; a plurality of first supporting structurescoupled to the first rail, wherein the plurality of first supportingstructures have non-uniform heights to support a curvature of the arc ofthe first rail; and a plurality of second supporting structures coupledto the second rail, wherein the plurality of second supportingstructures have non-uniform heights to support a curvature of the arc ofthe second rail; wherein the first rail and the second rail areconfigured to interface with detachable wheels coupled to an outersurface of the mainframe and enable the mainframe to be rotated alongits axis on the jig.
 33. The jig of claim 32, wherein the arc formed byeach of the rails has a curvature that substantially matches a curvatureof an external portion of the mainframe.
 34. The jig of claim 32,wherein the first supporting structures and the second supportingstructures have fixed heights.
 35. The jig of claim 32, wherein thefirst supporting structures and the second supporting structures areindividually adjustable with respect to their heights.
 36. The jig ofclaim 35, wherein each of the first supporting structures comprises: anattachment portion that is coupled to a portion of the first rail; andan adjustment platform that is coupled to a body of the jig.
 37. The jigof claim 32, wherein the mainframe comprises a plurality ofinterconnected pyramid structures, wherein the outer surface of themainframe is formed by bases of the plurality of interconnected pyramidstructures, wherein the detachable wheels are coupled to the bases. 38.The jig of claim 32, further comprising: a drive unit configured torotate the mainframe placed on the jig; wherein the drive unit iscontrolled by a computer.
 39. The jig of claim 32, wherein the computeris configured to synchronously control one or more additional driveunits of one or more additional jigs, respectively.